抗生素英文课件精品Antibiotics and .pptVIP

Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics definition mechanism of action type of action toxicity and undesirable actions types of antibiotics,rational therapy ANTIBIOTICS (ATB) Selectively inhibit or kill microbes in concentrations that are not toxic for macroorganism not like desinfections and antiseptics, ATB can be used inside human body Antibiotics (ATB), antimicrobial (ATM) agents are also chemoterapeutics with antimicrobial activiry that have - source in the nature - been produced artifitially Classification of betalactamases Combination of ATBs to increase the efficiency increase the spectrum of target bacteria prevention of bacterial resistence Aditive effect – resulting effect of the combination of 2 ATBs equals the addition of 2 effects Indiferent effect no change of effect Antagonistic effect – resulting effect of 2 used ATB is less efficient then use of individual ATB alone Synergy – resulting effect of 2 used ATBs is higher then if used of individual ATB alone ATB susceptibility testing kvalitative test - difuse disc test kvantitative MIC – minimal inhibition concentration MBC – minimal bactericidal concentration E test – combination of DDT and MBC On liquid cultivation media (MIC) or solid media (DDT, E test, MBC) 2. Mutation at the level of intracellular receptor: -changes in structures of PBP- resistence to PNC -metylation of aminoacids on 50 S ribosomes subunits - resistence to erytromycin 3. Inhibition of penetration of ATB through cell wall: aminoglycosids,tetracyclines 4. Changes in metabolic pathway, in affinity of target ensym 5. Higher elimination of ATB - efflux Mostcommon mechanism of resistence in groups of ATB Beta lactam ATB changes in