抗生素话题（英文PPT）Topical.pptVIP

Historical: Aminoglycosides Waksman and Schatz demonstrated the antibacterial activity of Streptomyces griseus in 1943 Streptomycin isolated in 1944 Neomycin isolated from Streptomyces fradiae in 1949 Neomycin Neomycin is extremely nephrotoxic, thus limiting its use to a topical antibiotic Neomycin has excellent activity against gram negative bacteria and partial activity against gram positive strains Some people have allergies to neomycin Like other aminoglycosides, neomycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Silver sulfadiazine Sulfa drug works by normal mechanism of interfering with the biosynthesis of folic acid Heavy metals, like silver, seem to be toxic to bacteria, probably due to their ability to denature proteins through reaction with disulfide bonds Uses Used to treat burn patients Treatment of Acne Vulgaris What Causes Acne? Acne is a result of clogging of a hair follicle, and simultaneous activation of the sebaceous gland (thus producing more sebum). A commensal bacterium, Propionibacterium acnes, which lives on the skin, but is also present in the follicle, causes inflammation and thus contributes to the problem. Propionibacterium acnes Killing the bacteria can help with treatment of acne Benzoyl Peroxide Exact antibacterial mechanism is unknown, but presumably involves oxidation of essential bacterial structures. Clindamycin The antibiotic clindamycin is commonly used topically in the treatment of acne Recall that clindamycin is a member of the lincosamide class of antibacterial agents and acts at the bacterial ribosome. Clindamycin is commonly used to treat aerobic Gram-positive bacteria. Assigned Reading Noah Scheinfeld A primer on topical antibiotics for the skin and eyes. Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD (2008), 7(4), 409-15. Homework Question List the primary target organism and the mechanism of action of the topical antibiotics discussed in this presentation. Topical An