Digital Imaging with Charge-coupled devices (CCDs)电荷耦合器件（CCD）的数字成像.ppt

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2018-06-07 发布于浙江
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Digital Imaging with Charge-coupled devices (CCDs)电荷耦合器件（CCD）的数字成像.ppt

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Digital Imaging with Charge-coupled devices (CCDs)电荷耦合器件（CCD）的数字成像

Digital Imaging with Charge-coupled devices (CCDs) Capacitor Capacitor Example The capacitance of two parallel plates is 4.5pF. Calculate the charge on one plate when a voltage of 8.0 V is applied to the plates. Example The capacitance of two parallel plates is 4.5pF. Calculate the charge on one plate when a voltage of 8.0 V is applied to the plates. Q = CV = 4.5 x 10-12 x 8.0 = 3.6 x 10-11 C = 36 pC Charged-coupled device (CCD) Charged-coupled device (CCD) Silicon chip varying from 20 mm x 20 mm to 60 mm x 60 mm. Surface covered in pixels (picture elements) varying from 5 x 10-6 m to 25 x 10-6 m. Charged-coupled device (CCD) Each pixel releases electrons (by the photoelectric effect) when light is incident on it. We may think of each pixel like a small capacitor. Charged-coupled device (CCD) The electrons released in each pixel constitute a certain amount of charge Q, and so a potential difference V develops at the ends of the pixel (V = Q/C) Charged-coupled device (CCD) The number of electrons released, and the voltage created across the pixel is proportional to the intensity of light. Charge-coupled device (CCD) The charges on each row of pixels is pushed down to the next row until they reach the bottom row (the register) Charge-coupled device (CCD) The charges are the moved horizontally, where the voltage is amplified, measured, and and passed to a digital converter. Charge-coupled device (CCD) The computer processing this information now knows the position and voltage on each pixel. The light intensity is proportional to the voltage so a digital (black and white image) is now stored. Charge-coupled device (CCD) To store a colored image, the pixels are arranged in groups of four, with 2 green filters, a red and a blue. CCD uses - Telescopes CCD uses – Digital Cameras CCD uses – Endoscopes Quantum efficiency The ratio of the number of emitted electrons to the number of incident photons. About 70% for a CCD (4% for photographic film and 1% for the human eye.