北京化工大学大型精密仪器公共服务 ...ppt

Chapter 1 Measurement 1-1 What Is Physics 1-2 Measuring Things 1-3 The International System of Units 1-4 Changing Units 1-5 Length 1-6 Time 1-7 Mass 1-1 What Is Physics ★ The goal of physics is to provide a quantitative understanding of certain basic phenomena that occur in our universe. ★ Physics is a science based on experimental observations and mathematical analyses. ★ In this chapter we learn what is physics through the measurement of the physical quantities in mechanics. 1-2 Measuring Things ★ Physics is based on measurement of physical quantities. Among these physical quantities are length, time, mass, temperature, pressure, electric current. ★ We measure each physical quantity in its own units, by comparison with a sdandard. 1-2 Measuring Things ★ Certain physical quantities have been chosen as basic quantities. In mechanics these are length, time, mass ★ Each basic quantity has been defined in terms of a standard and given a unit of measure. 1-2 Measuring Things ★ Other physical quantities are defined in terms of the basic quantities and their standards and units. 1-3 The International System of Units ★ In 1971,the 14th General Conference on Weights and Measures picked seven quantities as basic quantities, forming the basis of the The Interna-tional System of Units (SI or Metric system) 1-3 The International System of Units ★ Many SI derived units are defined in terms of these base units. 1-3 The International System of Units 1-3 The International System of Units 1-4 Changing Units ★ We often need to change the units in which a physical quantity is expressed. 1-5 Length The standard for meter (m) a) One ten-millionth of the destance from the north pole to the equator. 1-5 Length The standard for meter (m) c) 1 650 763.73 wavelengths of a particular orange-red light emitted by atoms of krypton-86 in a gas discharge tube (1960). 1-6