0 绪论幻灯片.pptVIP

微生物生理学的研究对象： 1.研究微生物细胞的结构和功能 2.研究微生物的代谢规律 3.研究微生物与环境的关系 4.研究微生物的活动与人类的关系 微生物生理学和其他学科之间的关系 微生物学 生物化学 细胞生物学 遗传学 分子生物学 20世纪60年代前——研究重点在于阐明物质和能量的转换及各种代谢途径。 20世纪60年代后——重点研究代谢调节理论 * * 梁永恒 南京农业大学生命科学学院微生物系 办公室：生科楼C5009 Tel: 8439 6376 (Office) E-mail: liangyh@njau.edu.cn Microbial Physiology 绪论微生物生理学是微生物学的一个重要分支学科，而且对整个生命学科的发展起着重要作用。 Louis Pasteur (France 1822 -1895 )  微生物生理学的发展史 Pasteur and Koch奠定了微生物生理学的基础 Pasteur, a French Chemist, is best known as the father of pasteurization. That‘s the method of heating liquids until germs (病菌) can no longer live in them. Look on the label of your milk carton and chances are it will say pasteurized. Born in 1822 in Dole, France, Pasteur was a talented young artist. He could very well have succeeded in that field, but he also showed an interest in chemistry. While pasteurization bears his name, his most important discovery could be that infections diseases are caused by germs.? Pasteur was able to control the spread of disease by limiting the places where germs can live. The next time youre enjoying a cold glass of milk with your chocolate chip cookies, thank Louis Pasteur for making the milk safe to drink. While you‘re at it, you can also thank him that you don’t have smallpox（天花）, chickenpox（水痘）, rabies（狂犬病）, or diphtheria（白喉病）. Those diseases may be rare now, but they were very much part of life in 18th and 19th Century Europe. He also developed the theory that injecting a person with a weakened form of a disease, such as smallpox, would make that person immune from catching the disease. “Vaccination” is the name of this technique that has been used for decades to help control outbreaks of diseases such as smallpox, chickenpox, cholera（霍乱）, diphtheria（白喉病）, anthrax（炭疽热 ） and rabies（狂犬病）. Pasteurs discoveries were so groundbreaking that in 1888 an international fund was created to fund the Louis Pasteur Institute. Pasteur worked with the institute until his death. It continues today as a center of microbiology and im