大学英语语法总论.docVIP

大学语法总论 The first generation of museums in the world is the museum of natural history, which introduces the evolution history of the earth and various kinds of living creatures through fossils and specimens. The second belongs to that of industrious technology, showing the phasic achievements as a result of industrial civilization. Although the two generations of museums play roles in spreading scientific knowledge, they regard viewers as only passive by-standers. The third generation of museums in the world is full of new concepts. Here, viewers can carry with their own hands and observe with their own minds. Therefore, they can be closer to advanced scientific technology to probe its mystery. Chapter One Word nature and Tense Ⅳ Teaching-learning procedures word nature and sentence element(词性和句子成分) a) Sentence elements and their concepts Subject（主） object（宾） predicate(谓) attribute（定） adverbial（状） complement（补语） predicative（表） appositive（同位语） b) names of the word nature and their grammatical functions Noun: subject object predicative appositive attribute complement adverbial 注：1、名词作定语时，一般多用单数，表示所修饰词的性质或用途。但有时，出于词本身用法的需要或该词本来就只有复数形式，作定语的名词就只用复数。 Man woman这两个词作定语时根据所修饰名词的数变 a woman worker three women workers sport作定语时多用复数 sports shoes运动鞋 sports ground操场 但是sport（s）car赛车 这个短语中sport单复数都可以。 很多次本身就是复数形式，clothes shop服装店 sales assistant售货员 sales manager销售经理 arms production 武器的生产 goods train货车 2、名词构成的合成词作定语，名词只能用单数 A five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩 20-foot-long ships 50英尺上的轮船 A six-metre-wide room 一个六米宽的房间 3. 合成名词变复数时，如果合成词中有名词，复数加在名词上，没有名词，直接加在词尾 Brothers-in-law grown-ups 名词作状语时，仅限于表时间、距离、重量、程度等的词 It weighs five tons. 它重5吨。 Wait a minute 等一分钟。 Adjective: attribute predicative complement adverbial 注：1、形容词作状语，其意义相当于一个从句或省掉being的现在分词短语作状语表示伴随。 The old woman，hungry and thirsty，is sitting by the roadside 那位老妇人坐在路边，又饿又渴。 The children arrived home safe 孩子们平安到家。 He stared at the footprint，full of fear 他盯着脚印，充满了恐