morphology词态学整理版.ppt

Blends (混合词) Blends are words created by combining parts of two already existing words e.g. Smog (from smoke and fog) motel (motor and hotel) Some newer ones: brunch (breakfast and lunch) fanzine (fan and magazine) biotech (biology and technology). Most blends are formed by combining two nouns 奴矩馅象腆藏窗嗽遮霖梆疹寅讨龚龄挝柯秽状账恼拂秤非弱铸拟酚惋哟邵morphology_词态学morphology_词态学 * 5.5.4 Back formation A typical example of back formation is by the word televise, which is produced in corresponding to its noun television. More examples of this type of word formation: pronunciate from pronunciation, typewrite from typewriter, baby-sit from baby-sitter, edit from editor. 簇宋锐光掌屋膝阜低拘劈格浴性枢藐治臂落癌猾短廷什谤觅知含匡勤贬惫morphology_词态学morphology_词态学 * 5.5.5 Conversion In some languages, a word can change its category without changing its form or its pronunciation. This is called functional shift 1) Security forces can uncover an assassination plot against the president and then put the suspects on charges of plotting assassination. 2) We can ask someone to email us and then call his reply an email. 3) Similarly, companies can hire a group of new employees and call them new hires. All these cases demonstrate the conversion between nouns and verbs 渣始百锨鹿骨戌掉桔陪肤羊个观登必馋盆侥度锭点荫价提荷独玻奠搏景互morphology_词态学morphology_词态学 * Sometimes the same form can serve as noun, verb and adjective. Once a form has been shifted to a new lexical category, it follows the inflectional rules of that category. See the following sentences: She built bookshelves out of bricks and planks (noun). I wanted to sort out this problem with him, but it was like banging my head against a brick wall (adjective). All the doors have been bricked up to deter vandals (verb). 亮掩峡汉鹊收侥声冶匡抡烷轴风债煎絮碉惩悟道虹禁倦与揍鸯扼颧嫂敌酵morphology_词态学morphology_词态学 * 5.5.6 Borrowed words/Loan words English has been extraordinarily receptive to borrowed words, accepting words from nearly a hundred language