The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds有机化合物系统鉴定PPT135.ppt

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2018-06-09 发布于湖北
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The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds有机化合物系统鉴定PPT135.ppt

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The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds有机化合物系统鉴定PPT135

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * A modification of Liebermanns test (Experiment 20d, p. 297) can be used to test for the presence of a phenol. A blue intermediate is formed, which changes to red when diluted and blue when the solution is made basic. Experiment 45: Ferric Chloride-Pyridine Reagent This test must be done in the hood. Add 30 to 50 mg of the solid unknown or four to five drops of the liquid unknown to 2 mL or pure chloroform in a clean, dry test tube. Stir the solution. If the unknown does not seem to dissolve, even partially, add an additional 2-3 mL of chloroform and warm gently. Cool to 25°C and add two drops of 1% solution of anhydrous ferric chloride in chloroform followed by three drops of pyridine. Shake the tube and note the color produced immediately. A positive test is shown by production of a blue, violet, purple, green, or red-brown solution. Frequently the colors change in a few minutes. * * Experiment 46: Bromine Water Dissolve 0.1 g of the unknown in 10 mL of water. Add bromine water drop by drop until the bromine color is no longer discharged. The discharge of the bromine color is a positive test. In some cases, a white precipitate (the brominated phenol) may also be formed. * * The Preparation of Derivatives * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Acyl halides and carboxylic acid anhydrides have not been classified because of their high reactivity * * * * * * * ESTERS Esters characteristically have a sweet fruity smell. Esters combine with hydroxylamine to yield an alcohol and hydroxamic acid (Experiment 2b, p. 253). The solution is then treated with ferric chloride to produce the ferric hydroxamate complex, which has a characteristic burgundy or magenta color. * * Esters are cleaved by hydroiodic acid (Experiment 34, p. 318) to form an alkyl iodide and a carboxylic acid. The alkyl iodide i