《研究生英语精读教程》(第三版·上)PPT.ppt

Background Knowledge 6, 267-285.Burhans, K. and Dweck, C.S. (1995). Helplessness in early childhood: The role of contingent worth. Child Development, 66, 1719-1738. University of Illinois at Chicago 芝加哥伊利诺伊大学 Back Part Summary [15~16] People can be trained to think more positively. [15] Example Six: Dr. Carol Dwecks work with floundering school children Changing explanations for their failure resulted in improved academic performance. [16] Example Seven: Dr. Levys pilot study with colon-cancer patients. For colon-cancer patients, psychological help to encourage optimism brings a better result than medical treatment alone. Back Part Summary [17~20] Suggestion for breaking the habit of thinking pessimistically Psychologist Steve Hollon suggested we try breaking the bad habit in three practical steps: 1. Monitor ones thought when bad things happen. 2. Do something contrary to negative reactions. 3. Keep track of the results. Back Part Summary [21] Conclusion： Based on the studies conducted so far, we can draw the conclusion that one is likely to get what he expects from the world (i.e. a person often turns out what he thinks he is). Back Text Summary Citing the results of numerous researches and quoting a number of psychologists, Claipe Safran shows the importance of positive thinking. We are more likely to succeed in work and enjoy better health if we adopt an optimistic attitude towards life, including its challenges and blows. Whether inclined to be pessimistic or optimistic, we acquire the thinking pattern as we grow up. However, we can consciously train ourselves to turn our thinking into more positive channels. We will turn out to be what we expect to be. Back 全文翻译 你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人 如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观 ——你就可以改变自己的生活 卡勒普-撒弗兰 Back 全文翻译 [ 1 ] 你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗?你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗? 当研究者们自细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈辞滥调突然问都成了科学问题。 Back 全文翻译 [ 2 ] 迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败，并与沮丧、孤独及令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。位于休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A