关节学好课件05PPT.ppt

第三节 Joints of limbs 附肢骨的连结; 教学目的与要求 1.掌握肩关节的构成、特点及运动。 2.掌握肘关节的组成及运动，腕关节的形态及构成。 3.掌握髋骨与脊柱间的韧带连结，骨盆的组成与分部。 4.掌握髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的形态、特点及运动。 5.了解胸锁关节、肩锁关节、骶髂关节的组成，足弓的构成及功能。 ;The General Description;Ⅰ. Joints of upper limb ;2.Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节 ( plane joint) 3.Coracoacromial ligament喙肩韧带; Attachments: Glenoid labrum盂唇: Coracohumeral ligament 喙肱韧带 *Movements: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction ;;2. Elbow joint 肘关节(compound joint) *Composition: lower end of humerus, upper ends of radius and ulna 1.Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节 2.Humeroradial joint肱桡关节 3.Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节 *Feature: Articular surface: compound joint Capsule: thin and lax anteriorly and posteriorly.; Ligaments: 1.Radial collacteral ligament桡侧副韧带: 2. Ulnar collacteral ligament尺侧副韧带: 3. Annular ligament of radius桡骨环状韧带: *Movements: flexion and extension, pronation and supination;Dislocation;3.Joints between radius and ulnar Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节 Distal radioulnar joint 桡尺远侧关节 Interosseous membrane of forearm 前臂骨间膜;4.Joints of hand 1) Radiocarpal joint桡腕关节 (wrist joint) *Composition Carpal articular surface of radius and articular disc Proximal row of carpal but not pisiform *Feature: Articular surface:ellipsoid joint Capsule: lax and strengthened by surrounding ligaments *Movements:(biaxial joint);2)Carpometacarpal joints: ★ Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节 *Composition : trapezium and base of the first metacarpal *Feature:saddle joint *Movement: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and opposition 3)The others:自学; Ⅱ.Joints of Lower limb;2.Vertebropelvic ligaments 1) Iliolumbal ligament髂腰韧带: 2) Sacrotuberous ligament 骶结节韧带 3) Sacrospinous ligament 骶棘韧带 These two ligaments convert the sciatic notches the greater and lesser sciatic foramen 坐骨大、小孔 ;3. Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合 4.Obturator membrane 闭孔膜 obturator canal 闭膜管;5.Bony pelvis骨盆 1)Com