腹前外侧壁中文.pptx

Ⅰ.INTRODUCTIONThe abdomen is the middle compartment of the trunk between the thorax and the pelvis. It consists of the abdominal wall, the abdominal cavity and the abdominal viscera.11.Boundaries Superiorly－ xiphoid process, lower border of costal arch, 11th and 12th ribs, vertebra T12Inferiorly－superior border of pubic symphysis, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, fold of inguinal canal, anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest, spinous process of L5 12.Regions Of Abdomen -----Four quadrants-----nice regions-----seven regions1Division of abdominal wallposterior abdominal wall Anterolateral abdominal wallRegion of rectus abdominis，Region of flat musclesInguinal region3.Landmarks of abdomenxiphoid process 剑突costal arch肋弓pubic symphysis 耻骨联合pubic tubercle 耻骨结节anterosuperial iliac spine 髂前上棘iliac crest 髂嵴. Linea semilunarisLinea aba 腹白线Tendinous intersections 腱划1Ⅱ.Anterolateral abdominal wall contentLayers ( from superficial to deep)1.Superficial StructureSkin 皮肤Superficial fascia　浅筋膜Anterolateral muscles　肌层Transverse fascia 腹横筋膜Extraperitoneal fascia 腹膜下筋膜Parietal peritoneum 壁腹膜 2.Deep structure1※Superficial Structure一、Skin 皮肤二、Superficial fascia 浅筋膜Superficial vessels and cutaneous nervesIlioinguinal and lower abdominal flaps are commonly use in clinic,why?1The superficial structures of anterolateral abdominal wall 1.皮肤 Skin2.浅筋膜Superficial fascia *分两层 divided two layers superficial layer-fatty layer（脂肪层 camper’s fascia） deep layer-membranous layer（膜样层 scarpa’s fascia） 1② 浅血管The superficial blood vesselsSuperficial epigastric A,VSuperficial iliac circumflex A,VUmbilical venous network③ 皮神经Cutaneous nerveLower 6pairs of Intercostal nerveIliohypogastric nerve1※Deep structure三、Muscles 肌层 rectus abdominis腹 直 肌 obliquus externus abdominis 斜腹外肌 obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌 transversus abdominis腹 横 肌 四、Transversalis fascia腹横筋膜五、 Endoabdominal (extraperitoneal) fascia 腹膜下筋膜六、Parietal peritoneum壁腹膜 Deep vessels and nerves of abdomen※?1The deep structures of anterol