项目管理宝典[中英文对照].pdf

Project Management Body of Knowledge Collator ：Eyes-Paranoia 阿鬼 项目管理知识体系指南 第二部分项目管理知识领域[KNOWLEDGE AREAS] 第五章 项目内容管理[Scope] Project Scope Management includes the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully (1). It is primarily concerned with defining and controlling what is or is not included in the project. Figure 5-1 provides an overview of the major project scope management processes: 5.1 Initiation—authorizing the project or phase. 5.2 Scope Planning—developing a written scope statement as the basis for future project decisions. 5.3 Scope Definition—subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components. 5.4 Scope Verification—formalizing acceptance of the project scope. 5.5 Scope Change Control—controlling changes to project scope. These processes interact with each other and with the processes in the other knowledge areas as well. Each process may involve effort from one or more individuals or groups of individuals, based on the needs of the project. Each process generally occurs at least once in every project phase. Although the processes are presented here as discrete components with welldefined interfaces, in practice they may overlap and interact in ways not detailed here. Process interactions are discussed in detail in Chapter 3. In the project context, the term scope may refer to: ◆ Product scope—the features and functions that characterize a product or service. ◆ Project scope—the work that must be done to deliver a product with the specified features and functions. The processes, tools, and techniques used to manage project scope are the focus of this chapter. The processes, tools, and techniques used to manage product scope vary by a