氯乙酸与二氯乙分离过程的模拟与优化毕业设计(论文).docx

氯乙酸与二氯乙酸分离过程的模拟与优化摘要：本论文根据氯乙酸与二氯乙酸的性质极其相似的特点，采用减压精馏进行分离。应用Aspen Plus软件进行模拟，在考虑各组分特性的基础上，首先设计了分离工艺流程，然后采用DSTWU简捷法蒸馏设计模型，得到了回流比、塔板数和温度等操作参数。最后采用RadFrac严格模型对精馏塔进行验证，再通过灵敏度分析得出参数对精馏塔分离效果的影响程度。本工作得出了适宜的操作参数为：塔板数为66块塔板，原料进料位置第34块塔板（自上而下数），回流比为20，采出率约为0.4857 kg/kg。通过灵敏度分析得出了精馏塔的塔板进料位置、回流比、系统压力、塔板数这些参数对精馏塔分离效果的影响程度。关键词：氯乙酸；二氯乙酸；Aspen Plus；模拟；工艺参数Simulationand Optimization ofSeparationProcessof ChloroaceticAcid And DichloroaceticAcidStudent majoring in Chemical engineering and technology CaoQing-BinTutorZhaoYu-JunAbstract：According to this paper, the nature of monochloroacetic acid and dichloroaceticacid had very similar characteristics, which could be separated by reduced pressure distillation. On the basis of characteristics of each component, Aspen Plus simulation software was applied to the separation. First, the separation process was designed. Secondly, using DSTWU design model, reflux ratio, plate number and temperature operating parameters were obtained. Finally, RadFrac rigorous model validation on the distillation column was proved. Through sensitivity analysis,degree of parameters to distillation effect was got.This work reachedsuitable operating parameters: the column was 66 stages, the feed stage was 34(from up to down), the reflux ratio was20 and the distillate ratewas about 0.4857kg/kg. Through sensitivity analysis,degree of parameters to distillation effect was obtained, such as feed stage, reflux ratio, system pressure and the number of stages.Key words: chloroacetic acid; dichloroacetic acid; Aspen Plus; simulation; parameters引言氯乙酸，又名一氯乙酸，结构简式为CH2ClCOOH，为醋酸中甲基的一个氢原子被氯原子取代的产物，相对分子质量94.50。氯原子的存在使得氯乙酸的酸性比乙酸强，有强烈的刺激性和腐蚀性，沾染皮肤能引起烧伤，能破坏所有非贵重金属，橡胶和木材等。工业氯乙酸为无色或略带淡黄色晶体，含氯乙酸96.5%(一级品)，二氯乙酸含量0.5%。近年来, 随着化学工业的不断发展, 氯乙酸的市场需求不断增大。然而, 我国氯乙酸生产现状却不令人乐观。我国目前有氯乙酸生产厂家数百家, 但都是些年生产能力不超过1 000 t 的小厂, 采用20世纪50年代从前苏联引进的以硫磺为催化剂的醋酸氯化法生产工艺。这种工艺是目前世界上最落后的氯乙酸生产工艺, 间歇操作、频繁的装卸料都由人工进行,存在着劳动强度大、劳动环境差、生产周期长、原料消耗高、产品收率低、质量差、环境污染严重等问题。在国外,用该法生产氯乙酸早已普遍实现了自动化,且大多数实现了连续化。我国的氯乙酸生产法大都是将冰乙酸进行氯化反应