现代营养学之自由基疾病PPT.ppt

5.5 Free Radical and Gerontal Disease (老年病) Alzheimer’s disease 老年痴呆 Parkinson’s disease 帕金森症 Cataract 白内障 Skin aging 皮肤老化 6 Defense Against ROS Electron transport chain 0.2%O2→O2·－ ROS 6.1 Defense system in mitochondrion 1) Cytochrome c Cyt c-Fe3+ + O2·－ → Cyt c-Fe2+ + O2 Cyt c-Fe2+ + H2O2 → Cyt c-Fe3+ +H2O Eliminate HO· 2) Co Q Q + H+ QH2 6.2 Antioxidant enzyme 1) Superoxide Dismutase O2·－ H2O2 SOD Without SOD, reaction rate=5×105 (L·mol-1·s-1) With SOD, reaction rate=1.6×109 (L·mol-1·s-1) 104倍 2) Catalase H2O2 H2O Catalase O2 + Exist in peroxisomes of all the cells 3) Glutathione peroxidase (GP or GSH Peroxidase ) ROOH + 2GSH → ROH + H2O + GSSG H2O2 + 2GSH → 2H2O + GSSG GSH Peroxidase 4) Glutathione reductase (GR or GSH Reductase ) GSSG + NADPH + H+ → 2GSH + NADP+ GSH Reductase 5) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH, 葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶) 葡萄糖-6-磷酸盐 + NADP+ → 6-磷酸葡萄糖酸 + NADPH + H+ G6PDH 7 Antioxidant Antioxidants are substances that may protect your cells against the effects of free radicals. Scavenging free radicals 7.1 Antioxidants in our body 7.1.1 Water soluble antioxidant： VC Uric acid 尿酸 Compounds with SH VC 40-140 μmol/L in human blood Can not be synthesized by our body Scavenging O2·－, HO·, and R· Chapter 7Free Radicals and Diseases 第七章 自由基与疾病 Main Content What Are Free Radicals Generation of Free Radicals in vitro Types of Free Radicals Damage of ROS to Biological Molecules Free Radicals and Diseases Defense against ROS Antioxidants 1 What Are Free Radicals Any molecule, atom, ion, group, containing one or more unpaired electrons (不成对电子) in the outmost shell (最外层) Free Radical ROS Characteristics of Free Radicals High reactivity Tend to grab or lose a electron, forming a stable state. short lifespan (low concentration) At 37℃, free radicals have short half life (with exceptions): 1O2, O2·- , RO· 10-6s ·OH 10-9s R ·