酪氨酸酶化活性及其抑制剂的研究毕业论文.docxVIP

酪氨酸酶催化活性及其抑制剂的研究 摘要：酪氨酸酶（tyrosinase）又称多酚氧化酶，广泛存在于人、动物、植物和微生物中。当土豆、苹果、香蕉或蘑菇受损伤时，在空气作用下，很快变为棕色，这是因为它们的组织中都含有酪氨酸和酪氨酸酶，酶存在于物质内部，当内部物质暴露于空气中，在氧的参与下将发生反应，生成黑色素。它还能催化体内的酪氨酸羟化为多巴，进而氧化为多巴醌，最后聚合成黑色素分子，是体内黑色素生成过程中的主要限速酶【1】，其活性与黑色素的合成量成相关。缺乏此酶将导致代谢性病变：白化病；相反，如果该酶活力过高，又可形成黑色素瘤，最近人们还研究发现酪氨酸酶可能还与白癜风发病机制有关。同时，酪氨酸酶抑制剂还能作为生物杀虫剂应用于农业的抗虫领域【2】。因此研究酪氨酸酶不仅有理论意义，而且还有一定的应用价值。本文主要对酪氨酸酶的影响因素、其抑制剂的来源、制备方法、抑制机理进行了综述。关键词：酪氨酸酶 催化活性 抑制剂Research in tyrosinase activity and its inhibitorYangxiaoyun(1002010119) (College of chemistry and molecular engineering, Qingdao University of Science Technology of Applied Chemistry Class 101, Qingdao,26600)Abstract: Tyrosinase (tyrosinase) also known as polyphenol oxidase, exists widely in human, animal, plant and microorganism. When the potatoes, apples, bananas or mushroom by injury, in the air, soon turning brown, this is because their tissues contain tyrosine and tyrosinase, the enzyme present in the material, when the internal material is exposed to the air, the following will occur in response to oxygen participation, melanin. It can catalyze tyrosine hydroxylase in vivo into dopa, and oxidation of DOPA quinone, the final polymerization into black pigment molecules, is the main catalyst in the formation of melanin. The lack of this enzyme will lead to metabolic disease: albinism; on the contrary, if the activity of the enzyme is too high, and it can form melanoma, recently also found that tyrosinase might also be associated with the pathogenesis of vitiligo. So the research of tyrosinase has not only theoretical significance, but also has a certain application value. The main influence factors, the source of tyrosinase inhibitor, its preparation method, inhibition mechanism were summarizedKey word: tyrosinase catalytic activity inhibitor目前人们已经成熟地掌握了从马铃薯中提取酪氨酸酶的方法，并探究出了马铃薯种酪氨酸酶的相关性质。其中酶的最适pH=7.5，最适温度为30℃。且该酶具有单酚酶和二酚酶活性【3】，其中以邻苯二酚为底物活性最高。Hg2+、Zn2+、Fe2+是激活剂，K+、Ga2+、Mg2+是抑制剂。Ga2+为非竞争性抑制，抑制常数ki 为116.8mmol?L-1，K+为竞争性抑制，抑制常数ki 为10mmol?L-1 。1、实验准备1.1、实验仪器：分光光度计，离