酒石酸及其盐类的合成艺毕业论文.docVIP

摘要 论文以传统化学方法为主要途径，研究酒石酸及其盐类的合成工艺。以顺丁烯二酸酐和30%的双氧水为原料，在钨酸作催化剂的条件下合成酒石酸或酒石酸盐作为工艺一，得出酒石酸氢钾的最佳收率为79.4%；原料及氧化剂保持不变，以甲酸和硫酸做催化剂，作为合成工艺二，得出酒石酸氢钾的收率为6%。通过测试产物的熔点和红外光谱对产品进行系统表征，并将产物与目标产物作对比，得出结论。同时，采用定性分析的方法，改变反应条件使反应产率提高。结果表明，反应收率与反应时间、水解时间、温度及催化剂的选用均有关系。钨酸做催化剂条件下，70℃时反应5h，水解5h时后，产品收率最高为79.4%。因此，准确控制反应条件，酒石酸及其盐类收率有望提高，并更好的应用于工业生产。 关键词：酒石酸、顺丁烯二酸酐、钨酸、甲酸、硫酸、30%的双氧水、熔点、红外光谱、反应收率Abstract The thesis choose the traditional chemical method as main way to study the synthesis of tartaric acid and its salts. A synthesis of 1:Using maleic anhydride and 30% hydrogen peroxide as raw materials to compose tartaric acid under the conditions of tungsten acid as catalyst. We can draw the best of potassium hydrogen tartrate yield of 79.4%. A synthesis of 2:Raw materials and remain unchanged,and then using sulfuric acid, formic acid as catalyst to synthesize tartaric acid. We can obtain that the yield of potassium hydrogen tartrate was 6%.We can reach the conclusion by testing the product melting point and IR characterization of the product and comparing the product with the target product. In addition, using the qualitative methods to change the reaction conditions for increasing the yield of product. The results showed that the reaction yield are associated with the reaction time, temperature and catalyst selection . Under the conditions of tungsten acid as catalyst, 70 ℃, reaction time is 5h, after hydrolysis, the yield up to 79.4%. Therefore, accurate control of reaction conditions, is expected to increase the yield of tartaric acid and its salts, and better for industrial production. Keywords: tartaric acid, maleic anhydride, tungsten acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, 30% hydrogen peroxide, melting point, IR, the yield of product 第一章 引言 1.1 课题的背景和意义 酒石酸(tartaric acid)，学名2，3-二羟基丁二酸，存在于葡萄、罗望子等多种植物中，也是葡萄酒中主要的有机酸之一酒石酸的分子式为HOOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COOH，有两个不对称碳原子，存在右旋型、左旋型、内消旋型三种立体异构体。等量右旋酒石酸和左旋酒石酸的混合物的旋光性相互抵消，称为外消旋酒石酸。各种酒石酸均是易溶于水的无色结晶。通常，外消旋型酒石酸又称为葡萄酸。右旋型酒石酸以游离的或K盐、Ca盐、Mg盐的形态广泛分布于高等植物中，特别是多存在于果实和叶中。在