第十章 糖类合成代谢PPT.ppt

UDPG(ADPG)+果糖＝＝蔗糖+UDP or ADP 这是由蔗糖合成酶催化的可逆反应，总反应有利于逆向反应。 UDPG or ADPG，为淀粉的合成提供糖基。 1、? 蔗糖合成酶途径 ?? 该途径也是以UDPG为葡萄糖基的供体，但受体是F-6-P，这个酶对这两种底物具有绝对专一性，产生是磷酸蔗糖。 UDPG＋F-6-P＝＝磷酸蔗糖+UDP 2. 磷酸蔗糖合成酶途径(主要途径) 然后在磷酸蔗糖酯酶的作用下，磷酸蔗糖水解生成蔗糖: 磷酸蔗糖+H2O＝＝蔗糖+H3PO4 平衡常数K=3250，反应有利于合成方向，第二步水解反应的参加，更使反应向反合成方向进行。 (微生物中蔗糖合成的途径) G-1-P+果糖＝＝蔗糖+Pi 3、蔗糖磷酸化酶途径: 淀粉是植物的贮藏多糖，在质体中形成，最终形成固体的淀粉粒。结构:天然颗粒状，外层支链75-85%，内层直链15-25%。 第三节?????? 淀粉的合成 一、淀粉的生物合成: 在植物中，淀粉可作长期和短期贮藏多糖，种子块茎、块根中的淀粉一般是长期贮存，只有在种子萌发和芽抽条时才动用，叶绿体在光合速率快时形成短期贮存淀粉。 第一节 光合作用 How is CO2 converted (fixed) to glucose in plants? What are the major stages for CO2 assimilation via the Calvin cycle? Fixation stage: CO2 is condensed to a five-carbon acceptor (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate) to form 3-phosphoglycerate; Reduction stage: 3-phosphoglycerate is reduced to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; Regeneration stage: ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate is regenerated using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. How was the “path of carbon” in photosynthesis revealed by Calvin? Mainly two methods were used: isotopic tracing and chromatographic separations of labeled intermediates; Inject 14CO2 into a algae suspension, then illuminate for a short period of time; The products were analyzed by methods like radiochromatograms. Where does 14CO2 go at the very beginning of the assimilation? 3-phosphoglycerate is the first metabolite labeled when 14CO2 is injected; All the 14C was found to be in the carboxyl group of 3-phosphoglycerate; Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate was revealed to be the CO2 acceptor by comparing the steady-state concentrations of various compounds by suddenly raising or lowering the CO2 levels. What is the proposed reactions CO2 fixation (fixation stage)? Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate is converted to an enediol intermediate before condensed to CO2; CO2 (not bicarbonate) is added to the second carbon of the enediol intermediate to form a six-carbon b-keto acid intermediate, which is then hydr