高中英语法详细笔记.docxVIP

直接引语与间接引语引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式：⑴直接引述别人地原话，把它放在引号内，这叫直接引语；⑵用自己的话转述别人的话，这叫间接引语，间接引语相当于一个宾语从句。（一）主句为过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态要发生变化。直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时（二）人称在间接引语中的变化：直接引语中的人称代词在转化为间接引语时，也要有相应地变化。一般遵循“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”的原则。原则说明一随主直接引语中出现的第一人称代词要按照引述动词的主语的人称变化。二随宾直接引语中出现的第二人称代词要按照引述动词的宾语的人称变化，若引述动词后没有宾语，也可用第一人称。第三人称不更新直接引语中出现的第三人称代词一般不需要变化。（三）指示代词，时间状语，地点状语，动词在间接引语中的变化。直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语todaythat daythis morning/afternoon etc.that morning/afternoon etc.yesterdaythe day before/the previous daythe day before yesterdaytwo days agotomorrowthe next day/the following daythe day after tomorrowtwo days afternext week/month/year etc.the etc. the following etc.last week/month/yaer ect.the etc. before the previous etc.时间状语two weeks/months etc. agotwo weeks/months etc. beforenowThen地点状语herethere动词comegobringtake（四）句子结构的变化：①直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连接词that(也可以省略)，同时人称时态，时间状语，地点状语作相应变化。 [I’ll telephone him this evening]she said.改后： she told me that she would telephone him that evening.Mr Black said [ I made the plan yesterday afternoon ].改后：Mr Black said that he had made the plan the previous afternoon.[ I am living here now. ] she said. 改后：She said that she was living there then.若在当地转述，here不必改称为there，come不必改为go；若在当天转述，today，yesterday，tomorrow等也不必改变。②直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语是，用whether/if 引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序，同时人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语作相应变化。谓语said通常变为asked。She asked Tom [ Are you going to Beijing next week? ]改后：She asked Tom wether he was going to Beijing the next week.He asked us [ Can I stay here for another two days? ]改后：He asked us if he could stay there for another two days.③直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，用原来的疑问句引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序，同时人称，时态，时间状语，地点状语作相应变化。Mary asked me [ Where are you going tomorrow? ]改为：Mary asked me where I was going the next day.[ Who has broken my mirror? ] Yu Min asked.改为：Yu Min asked who had broken her mirror.My mother asked me [ How long have you been here? ]改为：My mother asked me how long I had been there.下列情况中，直接引语变间接引语，时态不变：（1）直接引语如果陈述的是客观事