高中英语语法-非语动词详解.docxVIP

非谓语动词教学重点1，非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别；2，非谓语动词的各种形式和应用；3，非谓语动词的考点解析。一、非谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。如：Miss Mary teaches us English . 玛丽教我们英语。（teaches是谓语动词。） Mr Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.维克托先生上周末来到了我们教室和我们谈话。（to have a talk不定式作状语）谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。如：Tom likes the pop music. 汤姆喜欢流行音乐。（动词用第三人称单数形式） Tom has nothing to do today. 汤姆今天没有什么事要做。（do用原形）非谓语动词的各种形式和应用非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。其动能和形式如下：非谓语功能形式动名词具有名词功能，常在句中作主语，宾语主动式doing被动式being done完成式having done/having been done现在分词表主动和正在进行，常在句中作定语，状语，宾补一般式doing完成式having done 过去分词表被动和已完成，常在句中作定语，状语，补语一般式done进行式being done完成式having been done动词不定式表将来具体某一次，常在句中作主语，定语，状语，补语，宾语等一般式to do/to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done/to have been done成分形式主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√非谓语动词在句中所做的成分如下：三、考点解析非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。 1 动名词和不定式作表语①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如：To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing.②动名词作主语的句型。如：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构：动词不定式的复合结构有两种：It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词＋动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。如：His coming made me happy.I cant imagine his/him living there alone.④动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。如：Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin.完成下列句子：①Its foolish ____________________________(你相信他说的话)．②Its impossible ____________________________(他做这样的事)．③Do you mind ____________________________(我抽烟)?④Its no use ____________________________(你和他争辩)．⑤________(go) abroad is an honour to me.⑥________(take) abroad is an honour to me.⑦________(devote) to his work made him succeed.【答案】①of you to believe what he said　②for him to do such a thing　③my/me smoking　④your/you arguing with him　⑤Going　⑥Being taken　⑦Being devo