系统解剖 英文版 消化腺. Alimentary SystemPPT.ppt

* Alimentary glands 消化腺 Liver 肝 ★ Shape Pyramid Two surfaces Diaphragmatic surface 膈面 Visceral surface 脏面 Four borders Anterior border Posterior border Left border Right border Liver 肝 Diaphragmatic surface 膈面 Convex and smooth Divided into right and left lobes by falciform lig. of liver 镰状韧带 coronary lig. of liver冠状韧带 Bare area 裸区：Posteriorly Liver 肝 ★ Visceral surface 脏面 Has a H-shaped fissures and grooves Four lobes: Left lobe Right lobe Quadrate lobe caudate lobe Liver 肝 ★ Left limb of “H” Anterior part fissure for ligamentum teres hepatis 肝圆韧带裂 ligamentum teres hepatis 肝圆韧带(Vestige of umbilical vein 脐静脉) Posterior part fissure for ligamentum venosum 静脉韧带裂 ligamentum venosum 静脉韧带 (Vestige of Ductus venosus静脉导管) Liver 肝 ★ Cross-bar of “H”---Porta hepatis 肝门★ a short but deep fissure, about 5 cm long, extending transversely across the under surface of the liver, represented by the horizontal line of the “H” , Contents Right and left hepatic ducts Left and right branches of proper hepatic artery Left and right branches of hepatic portal vein Nerves and lymphatic vessels These structures are surrounded by connective tissue and called hepatic pedicle 肝蒂 Liver 肝 Anterior (inferior) border –thin and sharp Notch for gallbladder 胆囊切迹 Notch for ligamentum teres hepatis 肝圆韧带切迹 Posterior border – round Left border – thin and sharp Right border –round Liver 肝 ★ Position Most of liver lies in the right hypochondriac region and epigastric region less part extends into the left hypochondriac region Liver 肝 ★ Surface projection Upper border on the right midclavicular line it extends the level of 5th rib Lower border Normally, the right lobe extends just beneath the costal margin, it doesn’t down beyond the costal margin On the anterior median line its lower border crosses a point about 3~5cm below the xiphoid process In children, the liver being larger in proportion to the body than in the adult stage, it extends below the costal arch within in