欣赏类卵生鳉鱼太空诱变选育.pdf

观赏类卵生鳉鱼太空诱变选育 摘 要 本研究以经“神舟七号”宇宙飞船搭载成活返回的及未经搭载保存于地面实验室的贡 氏红圆尾鳉鱼受精卵为材料，进行了受精卵的人工孵化、培育，观测地面组与太空搭载组 鳉鱼受精率卵在孵化率、仔鱼畸形率、鱼苗存活率、生长速度的差异；实验将太空搭载组 与地面对照组鳉鱼进行了连续5 代的对照培育，研究了两组鳉鱼在个体大小、产卵量及卵 受精率的差异；通过建立家系，比较了太空搭载组与地面对照组鳉鱼不同家系间产卵量的 差异，对太空搭载后产卵量大的家系进行了选育。本研究还观察了不同温度条件及不同雌 雄鱼配组方式对鳉鱼产卵及受精率的影响。具体的研究结果如下： 1. 太空搭载组与地面对照组受精卵的孵化率、仔鱼畸形率无明显差别；搭载组雄性 鱼的生长速度及个体均显著大于地面组雄性鱼(p﹤0.05)；搭载组存活率高于地面对照组， 差异显著(p﹤0.05)；太空搭载诱变的鳉鱼受精卵孵化后鱼苗抗逆性强，存活率较高。 2. 经5 代的对照培育，结果显示F 、F 代太空搭载组鳉鱼成鱼雄性个体大于地面对 1 2 照组的，差异显著(p﹤0.05)，F 、F 、F 代太空搭载组与地面对照组间成鱼雄性个体大小 3 4 5 无显著差异(p﹥0.05)；F 至F 两组间成鱼雌鱼个体大小无显著差异(p﹥0.05)；搭载组鳉 1 5 鱼产卵量明显高于地面对照组，差异显著(p﹤0.05)，卵的受精率无显著差异(p﹥0.05)。 3. 不同家系间鳉鱼产卵量有着显著的差异（p ﹤0.05)，搭载组家系间产卵量差异程 度大于地面组。 4.在水温 26℃条件下，鳉鱼的日均产卵量最大，受精率最高，26℃是鳉鱼产卵的最 佳水温； 4 ♂+1♀、2 ♂+1♀、1 ♂+1♀的配组方式种鱼日均产卵量最大且受精率最高，是 鳉鱼产卵的最佳配组方式。 关键词 鳉鱼 太空诱变 选育 I ENGLISH TITLE Abstract The experimental material was fertilized eggs of killifish (Nothobranchius Guentheri) which some were carried into space by Shenzhou VII spacecraft and the other were preserved on earth, the eggs were incubated and cultivated. In this study, we observed the difference of hatching rate of eggs, larvae abnormality, fry survival and growth rate of fry between the space group and the ground control group. The comparison rearing were be done continuously 5 generation between the two groups killifish, the difference of body size , fecundity and egg fertilization rate were observed. We revealed the fecundity difference between different families of space group or ground control group ，the selective breeding were done to the larger fecundity families of space group. The influence of fecundity and fertilization rate of killifish by difference o