Signal—4—临床五年制2014.pptVIP

Summary The overview of signal transduction Sigal molecules Receptor Signal transduction pathway Signal transduction and medical science Effect by membrane receptors Effect by intracellular receptors Intracellular molecules Extracellular molecules Signal molecules Second messengers: cAMP,IP3, Ca2+ Proteins: Enzymes, regulators, TFs Third messengers: DNA binding proteins Proteins and peptides: Hormones, cytokines Amino acid derivatives: Catecholamines(儿茶酚胺) Fatty acid derivatives: Prostaglandins Steroid hormones, Thyroxine, VD3 Gases: NO,CO Summary （1）Ion channel-linked receptor （2）Single transmembrane receptor (Enzyme-linked receptor) （3）G protein-coupled receptor 2. Intracellular receptor （1）Cytosolic receptor （2）Intranuclear receptor 1. membrane receptors Summary Why thyroxin deficiency can result in cretinism(呆小症), and much higher level of thyroxin is closely associated with the hypermetabolism(高代谢) in hyperthyroidism (甲亢)? Clinical tips ◆ Thyroxin includes tetraiodothyronine (四碘甲腺原氨酸, T4, containing 4 iodines ) and triiodothyronine (三碘甲腺原氨酸, T3, containing 3 iodines) ◆ Thyroxin receptor (TR) locates in nuclues and mitochondrial inner membrane (线粒体内膜). Thyroxin and its receptor Action of thyroxin ◆ T3、T4 → cytosol (T4 is converted into T3) → T3 enters into nucleus and binds to TR → the complex binds to thyroxin response element→effect on the gene transcription→mRNA production → specific proteins → biological effects (such as cell proliferation and tissue development). Action of thyroxin ◆ T3、T4 →cytosol (T4 is converted into T3) →T3 enters into mitochondria and binds to TR in mitochondrial inner membrane → transcription of mitochondrial mRNA → specific proteins→enhancing oxidative phosphorylation (氧化磷酸化) →ATP production ↑ Action of thyroxin Basal metabolic rate (BMR, 基础代谢率) 产热效应:①促进解偶联蛋白基因的表达，加强解偶联过程，从而增加产热与耗氧量。②增加细胞膜上钠钾泵的合成，使ATP消耗增多，加速氧化磷酸化过程。 使基础代谢率增高：1mg甲状腺素可增加产热4000KJ。甲亢患者的基础代谢率可增高35%左右；而功能低下患者的基