2014考研英语英语语法讲义全国2013年3月修订.doc

2014考研基础讲义之语法解绝真题 课程目的：词汇+语法=句子+句子=文章，故有了语法，解决根本问题。 引言：语法的意义何在（什么是语法） （1997年翻译）On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. （2006年阅读4）happiness more often than not ends in sadness. （2012年翻译）Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. 指导：如何解决考研语法： 一个核心： 三种残缺： 两种顺序： 五种从句： 五种结构： 一.语法核心——谓语（一个核心） 1.谓语的意义： （2002 年阅读）Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher in the short term. 2.谓语判断原则： 1） 2） 3） 备注 3.谓语判断举例：（1996年翻译） This trend began during the second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 非谓语动词（三种残缺） 非谓语动词来源： 非谓语动词 残缺部分 谓语含义 非谓语翻译 可做成分 to do doing done done doing 非谓语动词举例： 做主语+宾语 （2012年翻译）To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms. 定语 4）状语 to do 的形式用法 形式主语 （2005年翻译）It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. 2）形式宾语： （2007年新题型）All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs. 3）that形式主语 （200）It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. 4) 强调结构： （2009Text2）It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. 定语与状语（两种顺序） 定语成分与顺序 定语成分一