CHAPTER 7 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN第7章竞争优势.pdfVIP

CHAPTER 7 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN TECHNOLOGY INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES Frank T. Rothaermel ABSTRACT This chapter introduces the reader to the meaning of competitive advantage and posits that a firm’s strategy is defined as the managers’ theory about how to gain and sustain competitive advantage. The author demonstrates how a firm creates its competitive advantage by creating more economic value than its rivals, and explains that profitability depends upon value, price, and costs. The relationship among these factors is explored in the context of high-technology consumer goods-laptop computers and cars. Next, the chapter explains the SWOT [s(trengths) w(eaknesses) o(pportunities) t(hreats)] analysis. Examining the inter- play of firm resources, capabilities, and competencies, the chapter emphasizes that both must be present to possess core competencies essential to gaining and sustaining competitive advantage through strategy. Next, the chapter describes the value chain by which a firm transforms inputs into outputs, adding value at each stage through the primary activities of research, development, production, marketing and sales, and customer service, which in turn rely upon essential support activities that add value indirectly. After describing the PEST Technological Innovation: Generating Economic Results Advances in the Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth, Volume 18, 201–225 Copyright r 2008 by Elsevier Ltd. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 1048-4736/doi:10.1016/S1048-4736(07)00007-0 201 202 FRANK T. ROTHAERMEL [p(olitical) e(conomic) s(ocial) t(echnological)] Model for assessing