Fundamentals of Porous Structures多孔结构基础.pdfVIP

Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Porous Structures 2.1 Introduction The understanding of multiphase flow in porous media is of great importance in many fields such as hydrology, contaminant clean-up and petroleum engineering. Macro- scopic properties—principally capillary pressure and relative permeability—are often needed when modelling flow and transport at the continuum scale, whether it is transport of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL) in contaminant clean-up or the pro- duction of oil during reservoir water flooding. These macroscopic properties are, however, difficult to obtain. It is possible to conduct physical experiments on samples of the reservoir, but this will only reflect one set of conditions. Furthermore, the scale of the reservoir itself is so much larger that a few experiments are unlikely to describe the variation likely to be present. Hence, there is a need to develop physically-based models that can predict multiphase flow and transport properties and their likely variation in a reservoir setting, based on readily available experimental data. This chapter emphasizes the mathematical modelling of transport processes in porous media by the cell models, the digital reconstruction of the porous structure using the Lattice Boltzmann method and the stochastic modelling to obtain a realistic description of the porous structure. 2.2 Cell Models Mathematical modeling of transport processes in porous media is a powerful tool employed whenever experimentation is either expensive or difficult due to the nature of the process. On the other hand, the realistic description of the porous structure significantly increases the complexity of the mathematics involved, due to the coupling between the physicochemical mechanisms and the geometrical complexity of the porous medium, thus requiring massive computational power. Given the poor F. A. Coutelieris and J. M. P. Q. Delgado, Transport Processe