中国医科大学 蛋白质 生物化学 英文 ppt课件.ppt

Chapter 1 Protein Contents Chemical components Molecular structures Biological functions Structure-function relationship Physical and chemical properties Exploration of proteins Proteomics: a new frontier What are proteins? Proteins are macromolecules composed of amino acids linked together through peptide bonds. How are about proteins? the most widely distributed biomolecules the most abundant biomolecules (45% of human body) the most complex biomolecules the most diversified biological functions What do proteins do? Components of proteins major elements C (50~55%), H (~7%), O (19~20%), N (13~19%), S (~4%) trace elements P, Fe, Cu, Zn, I, … The average nitrogen content in proteins is about 16%, and proteins are the major source of N in biological systems. The protein quantity can be estimated. protein in 100g sample = N per gram x 6.25 x 100 §1.1 Amino Acids The basic building blocks of proteins About 300 types of AAs in nature, but only 20 types are used for protein synthesis in biological systems. A amino group, a carboxyl group, a H atom and a R group are connected to a C atom. The C atom is an optically active center. L-Amino acid Molecular weight Dalton: A unit of mass nearly equal to that of a hydrogen atom Gly C2NO2H5 75 Ala C3NO2H7 89 Val C5NO2H11 117 Leu C6NO2H13 131 Ile C6NO2H13 131 §1.1.a Classification The R groups, also called side chains, make each AA unique and distinctive. R groups are different in their size, charge, hydrogen bonding capability and chemical reactivity. Aas are grouped as (1) non-polar, hydrophobic; (2) polar, neutral; (3) basic; and (4) acidic. Non-polar and hydrophobic AAs R groups are non-polar, hydrophobic aliphatic or aromatic groups. R groups are uncharged. AAs are insoluble in H2O. Polar and uncharged AAs R groups are polar: -OH, -SH, and -NH2. R groups are highly reactive. AAs are soluble in H2O, that is, hydrophilic. Basic AAs R groups have one -NH2. R gr