2014-09-中尺度-方程组G.ppt

Boussinesq方程组 滞弹性方程组 思考题 1.什么是中尺度? 2.中尺度有哪些特性? 3.推导中尺度方程时有哪些简化原则? 4.推导垂直运动方程,并说明垂直加速度产生的原因. 5.什么是包辛尼斯克简化方程组? 6.包辛尼斯克和滞弹性简化方程组分别适合描写什么运动? 中尺度气象学 Mesoscale Meteorology （2） 寿绍文 南京信息工程大学大气科学学院　　 201４.0９ 第一章 中尺度运动的特征 及方程组 §1.1 大气运动系统的尺度划分 §1.2 中尺度大气运动的基本特征 §1.3 包辛尼斯克(Boussinesq)近似方程组 §1.4 滞弹性(Anelastic )近似方程组 §1.1 大气运动系统的尺度划分 Richardson (1922): “big whirls have little whirls which feed on their velocity and little whirls have lesser whirls and so on to viscosity.” Based on his research on radar storm-echoes collected at the MIT Weather Radar Research Project, Ligda (1951) made the foresighted statement,” It is anticipated that radar will provide useful information concerning the structure and behavior of that portion of the atmosphere which is not covered by either micro- or synoptic meteorological studies. We have already observed with radar that precipitation formations which are undoubtedly of significance occur on a scale too gross to be observed from a single station, yet too small to appear even on sectional synoptic charts. Phenomena of this size might will be designated as “mesometeorological”. (After from T.T. Fujita: Review of the history of mesoscale meteorology and forecasting) ? 大气运动系统的尺度划分的基本方法 经验、实用（几何）、理论 中尺度系统的定义 Ligda (1951) : the phenomena that are too large to be observed by in-situ sensors at a single station, but too small to be resolved by the conventional upper-air network. mesoscale 300-600 km (100 to 1000 km), 12hrs 定义1 “中尺度”是指比常规探空网的时空尺度小，但比单个积云的时空尺度大得多的一种尺度 Orlanski (1975), Meso-a : (200-2000,1 –5 d), e.g , frontal cyclones, typhoon (hurricanes), jet streaks, polar lows Meso-b (20 -200, 2 h - 1 d), e.g , squall lines, MCCs, mountain waves, lee cyclones, sea breezes, meso-lows/meso-highs, high and low-level jet streaks Meso-g (2 - 20 , 2 h), e.g , thunderstorms, gust fronts, micro-downburst