有机磷中毒患者课件.ppt

农 药 中 毒Pesticide intoxicant 概 述 农药（pesticide）： 指农业生产中用于消灭、控制有害动植物（害虫、病菌、鼠类、杂草等）和调节植物生长的各种药物。 What is a pesticide? A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances intended for: preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest. Though often misunderstood to refer only to insecticides, the term pesticide also applies to herbicides, fungicides, and various other substances used to control pests. Acute toxicity Acute toxicity of a pesticide refers to the effects from a single exposure or repeated exposure over a short time, such as an accident during mixing or applying pesticides. Various signs and symptoms are associated with acute poisonings. A pesticide with a high acute toxicity can be deadly even if a small amount is absorbed. It can be measured as acute oral toxicity, acute dermal toxicity or acute inhalation toxicity. chronic poisoning effects Carcinogenicity--ability to produce cancer or to assist carcinogenic chemicals. Mutagenicity--ability to cause genetic changes. Teratogenicity--ability to cause birth defects. Oncogenicity--ability to induce tumor growth (not necessarily cancers). Liver damage--death of liver cells, jaundice (yellowing of the skin), fibrosis and cirrhosis. Reproductive disorders--such as reduced sperm count, sterility, and miscarriage. Nerve damage--including accumulative effects on cholinesterase depression associated with organophosphate insecticides. Allergenic sensitization--development of allergies to pesticides or chemicals used in formulation of pesticides. 急性中毒中，农药居首位，有机磷占大多数，其中剧毒的甲胺磷和1605中毒占有机磷中毒大的60％。 分类： ⑴用途：杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂、植物生长调节剂和杀鼠剂。 ⑵化学结构：有机磷类、有机氯类、有机氮类、有机硫类、砷制剂、氨基甲酸脂类、拟除虫菊脂类 毒性 一、剧毒类 甲拌磷、内吸磷 二、高毒类 敌敌畏、氧化乐果、 三、中度毒类 乐果、敌百虫 四、低毒类 马拉硫磷等。 我国禁用的农药 敌枯双、普特丹，毒理试验证明对动物有致畸作用； 二溴乙烷、杀虫脒，因对人类有致癌危险性； 二溴氯丙烷，因对动物有致突变和致癌作用，并可男性长期接触者精子数减少，导致不育； 艾氏剂、狄氏剂、六六六、DDT等，因属高残留农药，易造成环境污染； 氟乙酰胺、毒鼠强等杀鼠剂，因对人、畜均有剧毒，且易引起二次中毒。 有机磷农药 广谱、高效、低残留，应用广泛 有机磷农药中毒 有机磷农药绝大多数品种为磷酸脂类化合物。 属有机磷酸酯或硫