浙江大学医学免疫学经典课件免疫13超敏反应.pptVIP

Hypersensitivity (超敏反应) Qingqing Wang Institute of Immunology, ZJU wqq@zju.edu.cn Hypersensitivity Some immune responses can give rise to an excessive or inappropriate reaction, resulting in significant tissue damage or even death. The classification: type I~IV Type I hypersensitivity (immediate hypersensitivity) Characteristics of Type I hypersensitivity 1. Rapid: react and disappear quickly on re-exposure to Ag 2. Dysfunction: dysfunction rather than severe tissue and cell damage occurs 3. Strong hereditary tendency: obvious individual difference and genetic correlation Mediated by IgE antibodies Typical examples include polymorphisms of the promoter region for IL-4 and polymorphism of the gene for IL-5, either of which can directly influence the IgE production to allergens. ‘atopy’: An IgE-dependent allergy often arising from exposure to an unknown Ag. Allergen is an antigen that gives rise to immediate hypersensitivity. protein or chemicals For example: pollen, house dust mite, animal hair, dander, some foods, foreign serum, drugs. Allergin is a specific IgE that gives rise to immediate hypersensitivity. The majority of humans mount significant IgE response only as a defense against parasitic infections. After an individual has been exposed to a parasite, serum IgE levels increase and remain high until the parasite is successfully cleared from the body. Atopic individuals allow non-parasitic Ags to stimulate inappropriate IgE production, leading to type I hypersensitivity. Most allergic IgE response occur on mucous membrane surfaces in response to allergens that enter the body by either inhalation or ingestion. mast cells, basophils and eosinophils Mast cells are found throughout connective tissue, particularly near blood and lymphatic vessels. Some tissues, including skin and mucous membrane surfaces of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, contain high concentrations of mast cells. Basophils and