《国际贸易理论与实务(张素芳 第2版)》chapter 3 tariff and non-tariff barriers.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Tariffs and Non-tariff Barriers 巴西外贸委员会6日宣布，从即日起采取一系列措施限制进口，以保护本国工业。这些措施包括提高7种制成品的进口关税，以及对一批进口产品实施反倾销制裁，中国成最大受害者。 分析人士指出，巴西政府此次采取的贸易保护措施，显然把中国产品作为主要针对目标。在提高关税的7种产品中，有5中进口自中国，包括瓷砖（从15％提高至35％）、自行车（从20％升至35％）、分体式空调（从18％提至35％）等。 ---source:/11/0907/10/7DBFDT1H00253B0H.html /madeinchina/ 美国总统奥巴马11日决定，对从中国进口的所有小轿车和轻型卡车轮胎实施为期三年的惩罚性关税。　　白宫发言人罗伯特·吉布斯说，对从中国进口轮胎实施的惩罚性关税税率第一年为35%，第二年为30%，第三年为25%。　　此前，美国国际贸易委员会建议对中国产轮胎征收为期三年的惩罚性关税，幅度分别为55%、45%和35%。 --source:/090912,1185577.html Learning objectives To learn about tariffs and its classifications To learn some of the non-tariff barriers To understand export promotion measures and reasons for export control Tariffs Barriers Definition: A tariff is a duty or fee levied on goods when it crosses the boundary of a customs area. Forms of import duties 2. According to method of collection specific duty; ad valorem duty; Mixed or compound duty; Alternative duties. Forms of import duties 1. According to standard of different tariff rates Preferential duties (eg. Within Commonwealth members; EU-ACP countries) Duties under general system of preference (GSP) Duties for nations entitled to most-favored-nation treatment (MFN) General duties Duties under general system of preference (GSP) P73 GSP program is based on 3 principals: Generalized: to all goods of LDC countries Non-discriminatory: to all LDC countries Non-reciprocal: LDCs needn’t give same treatment in return Duties for nations entitled to most-favored-nation treatment (MFN) p76, p166 General duties General duties are non-MFN tariffs, which are applied without MFN agreement. Forms of import duties 3. According to special purposes:--p77 Countervailing duties Anti-dumping duties Countervailing duties p77 A countervailing duties is a customs levy designed to offset the effect of government payments and other extraordinary economic benefits, generally refers to “subsidies”, granted to a foreign producers or exporters which distort competition in international trade. Co