treatment of acute amp chronic Rhinitis急性和慢性鼻炎的药物治疗课件.ppt

4- Cromolyn Mast cell stabilizer (prevent release of histamine other mediators from mast cells) Intranasal cromolyn= useful particularly when given before (1 to 2 weeks) contact with allergen Multiple daily dosing of cromolyn = required Effects: Reduces nasal pruritus, sneezing, rhinorrhea and congestion * Shabana Pharmacological treatment of acute chronic Rhinitis RHINITIS An inflammation swelling of mucous membrane of the nose ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??? Symptoms of Rhinitis Runny nose, sneezing, itchy nose/eyes stuffiness ?????? Causes of Rhinitis Most common Cold allergies ----Attack may be precipitated by inhalation of an allergen (dust, pollen, animal dander) Types of Rhinitis Acute Rhinitis Short lived ???? ????? ?????; results from viral infections + other causes (allergies) Symptoms= runny nose, sneezing, congestion, post nasal drip, cough low grade fever Cont… ii) Chronic Rhinitis Long- standing Usually occur with chronic sinusitis (chronic rhinosinusitis) Chronic rhinitis is usually an extension of rhinitis caused by inflammation or an infection It may also occur with disease (syphilis ??????, tuberculosis, leishmaniasis ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? rhinosporidiosis ??? ????) Pathogenesis of Allergic Rhinitis Treatment of Rhinitis?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? Non-pharmacological therapy Avoidance of irritants Dusting/vacuuming ???; washing of bed sheets Intake of fluids Rest Surgery Cont…. Pharmacological therapy 1- Antihistamines (H1 receptor antagonists) 2- ?-Adrenergic agonists 3- Corticosteroids 4- Cromolyn ??????? ??????? ??? ( ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ) 5- Antibiotics (not relieve symptoms of allergic rhinitis) Antihistamines Agents block the actions of histamine Classical antihistamines = H1 receptor antagonists Histamine Biologically active amine functions as neurotransmitter; Synthesized from histidine ??? ??? ????? Distributed in mast cells, basophils, neurons of brain, cells of stomach Histamine re