模具的设计外文翻译仿真建模与分析.docxVIP

附录A英文资料Simulation Modeling and AnalysisThe nature of simulationThis is a paper about techniques for using computers to imitate, or simulate, the operations ofvarious kinds of real-world facilities or processes. The facility or process of interest is usuallycalled a system, and in order to study it scientifically we often have to make a set of assumptionsabout how it works. These assumptions, which usually take the form of mathematical or logicalrelationships, constitute a model that is used to try to gain some understanding of how thecorresponding system behaves.If the relationships that compose the model are simple enough, it may be possible to usemathematical methods (such as algebra, calculus, or probability theory) to obtain exact informationon questions of interest; this is called an analytic solution. However, most real-world systems aretoo complex to allow realistic models to be evaluated analytically, and these models must be studiedby means of simulation. In a simulation we use a computer to evaluate a model numerically, anddata are gathered in order to estimate the desired true characteristics of the model.As an example of the use of simulation, consider a manufacturing company that is contemplatingbuilding a large extension onto one of its plants but is not sure if the potential gain in productivitywould justify the construction cost. It certainly would not be cost-effective to build the extensionand then remove it later if it does not work out. However, a careful simulation study could shedsome light on the question by simulating the operation of the plant as it currently exists and as itwould be if the plant were expanded.Application areas for simulation are numerous and diverse. Below is a list of some payof problems for which simulation has been found to be a useful and powerful tool:Designing and analyzing manufacturing systemsEvaluating military weapons systems or their logistics requirementsDetermining hardware requirements or protocols for communi