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Hadoop File System UB Computer Science and EngineeringHadoop文件系统布法罗大学计算机科学与工程
Objectives Primary objective of HDFS is to store data reliably in the presence of failures. Three common failures are: Namenode failure, Datanode failure and network partition. * * DataNode failure and heartbeat A network partition can cause a subset of Datanodes to lose connectivity with the Namenode. Namenode detects this condition by the absence of a Heartbeat message. Namenode marks Datanodes without Hearbeat and does not send any IO requests to them. Any data registered to the failed Datanode is not available to the HDFS. Also the death of a Datanode may cause replication factor of some of the blocks to fall below their specified value. * * Re-replication The necessity for re-replication may arise due to: A Datanode may become unavailable, A replica may become corrupted, A hard disk on a Datanode may fail, or The replication factor on the block may be increased. * * Cluster Rebalancing HDFS architecture is compatible with data rebalancing schemes. A scheme might move data from one Datanode to another if the free space on a Datanode falls below a certain threshold. In the event of a sudden high demand for a particular file, a scheme might dynamically create additional replicas and rebalance other data in the cluster. These types of data rebalancing are not yet implemented: research issue. * * Data Integrity Consider a situation: a block of data fetched from Datanode arrives corrupted. This corruption may occur because of faults in a storage device, network faults, or buggy software. A HDFS client creates the checksum of every block of its file and stores it in hidden files in the HDFS namespace. When a clients retrieves the contents of file, it verifies that the corresponding checksums match. If does not match, the client can retrieve the block from a replica. * * Metadata Disk Failure FsImage and EditLog are central data structures of HDFS. A corruption of these files can cause a HDFS instance to be non-functional. For this reason, a Namenode can be config
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