基于PLC大型龙门刨床工作台传动系统设计.doc

基于PLC的大型龙门刨床传动系统设计 [摘要] 以前的龙门刨床控制系统可靠性差，维护也特别困难，制造的产品质量不行，而且还比较慢，随着技术的发展，可以用PLC来设计电气控制系统。此文相关的PLC技术可以控制龙门刨床的电气控制系统，即能实现各种控制功能，并能节省成本，设计结构简单易懂，维护费用低，质量可靠等优点。硬件非常简单，软件多并且实用性一流。用编程的控制器检测速度过零位换向的条件可以实现工作台的无冲击换向。用精密的电位计将速度给定原件，能实现手动控制电机的转速等，可以从根本上克服龙门刨床工作效率不高，换向冲击大，耗电量大等一系列的缺点。此系统用数字宣示主电机的实时转速，和电枢的电流值，显示直观准确。将PLC对龙门刨床的电控系统设计的方法与途径，用于改进机床的设计提供了新的思路，对促进技术进步也有一定的意义。 B2012A型龙门刨床主要用来加工大型工件的各种平面、斜面、凹槽等，特别适应于加工大型的、狭长的机械零件，是常见的大型机械加工设备。传统龙门刨床的电气控制系统控制逻辑采用硬件接线，利用继电器机械触点的串联或并联等组成控制逻辑，其连线多而复杂，体积大，功耗大，其改造或增加功能较为困难，而且继电器控制系统依靠机械触点的动作实现控制，工作频率低，机械触点还会出现抖动问题，且由于使用大量的机械触点，存在机械磨损、电弧烧伤等问题，寿命短，系统的大量连线使得机床的可靠性和可维护性较差。本设计提出通过采用PLC对其传统的龙门刨床进行电气改造是因为PLC很容易实现比较复杂的控制逻辑，在同种要求下，PLC可省去大量的控制继电器，节能降耗，降低运行成本，且改变工艺控制简便易行，而且PLC是无触点电路，反应快、噪音小、寿命长。 [关键词] B2012A型龙门刨床；PLC；电气控制系统改造 B2012A Gantry Planer Electrical Control System Based on PLC Technology [Abstract] Double housing planer are mainly used for processing large workpieces, such as various plane, inclined plane and grooves.Especially suitable for processing large, long and narrow mechanical parts, which is a common large-scale mechanical processing equipment. Traditional electrical control system of double housing planer that use the hardware connection to control the system logic, and take advantage of mechanical contact of the relays that it is in series or parallel to control logic, which wires are more and complex, large volume and large power consumption, and it is difficult to modify or add its features. Otherwise, relay control system depends on the mechanical contact of movement to control, which has low working frequency and occurs mechanical contacts jitter problem, and also due to the use of a large number of mechanical contact, some problems such as mechanical wear, arc burns.Because the short of life, a large number of the system wiring make the machine poor reliability and maintainability. This design is putting forward through the adoption of PLC to renovate electrical double housing planer. Because of PLC is easy to implement more c