材料学中常用分析方法第五讲 SPM 有关金属材料分析手段.ppt

材料学中常用的分析方法Instrumental Analysis in Materials Science 第五讲 扫描探针显微镜 (SPM) ： 扫描隧道显微镜, STM 原子力显微镜, AFM 磁力显微镜, MFM 近场扫描光学显微镜,NSOM … 光学、电子显微镜的分辨率极限 ?? Abbe 定律 Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM)  ——中国·北京中科奥纳科技有限公司 Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM)  ——中国·上海爱建纳米科技发展有限公司 SPM: 特指80年代以来发展起来的一类 nm 量级的超显微分析手段 典型的SPM(扫描探针显微镜)的组成 SPM 技术的发展年表（已发展了20余种SPM) SPM 技术的发展年表（续） SPM 技术的发展年表（续） SPM 技术的发展年表（续） 1. 扫描隧道显微镜 STM 扫描隧道显微镜STM 金属样品与探针表面的能级图 金属样品-探针表面间的隧道效应 STM的显微探针 STM 探针的电化学制备方法 STM 的压电陶瓷三维筒状微驱动器 STM 的两种工作模式 STM的应用： 导体表面的原子排列图象的直接观察 导体表面原子动态过程的监测 Pt(111)表面吸附CO/CO2后的STM象 I 在Au(111)表面吸附的图象 模拟象 Cu 在 Au(111) 表面的沉积过程 GaAs(2,5,11)表面台阶的STM象 Dislocations where Burgers vectors are perpendicular to the dislocation lines, are edge dislocations. Fe islands on (100) Cu may be fcc. Then bcc Fe starts to grow by transformation of small regions (needles).  For (111) 25% Pt-75% Ni, both type of atoms can be distinguish with STM: alternating chains of Pt and Ni (on surface, ? 50% of each, with the brighter species as Ni) (100) 50% Pt- 50% Rh alloy shows 31% Rh (bright) and 69% Pt (darker) at surface. Both Pt and Rh tend to cluster in small groups, and PtRh(100) surface is mainly populated by the darker Pt. On 95% Ag (not resolved) -5% Pd (white dots) alloy, O atoms (black dots) can diffuse. 20 s later, some black O atoms changed their position (red arrows). The site an O atom leaves appears bright, and the new position an O atom takes was also bright. Thus O atoms have strong affinity to Pd. On Al lattice (faint grey texture, left frame), dark spots of O atoms are elongated: they are not single atoms, but 2, 3 or more O atoms (yellow dots, right frame) STM of ultra-thin NaCl islands on Al show distances between atoms of 0.4nm, meaning that we see only Na or Cl.As Cl borrows“ electrons from the supporting Al, they must appear bright. 石墨（0001）表面的STM: 两种原子位置问题 A位置下面有近邻原子 B位置下面无近邻原子 在此STM象中，A, B两