2014高考英语二轮专题知识和增分策略第二部分 阅读理解 主旨大意题.docVIP

考纲解读 高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。分析近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如：对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。 考情分析 纵观近几年各地英语试卷，阅读理解题有如下特点： 1．突出语用，体裁多样，题材丰富 阅读理解题体裁分布包括记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文等，涉及的话题新颖广泛，体现了其多样化、现代化和生活化的特点，综合反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。 2．信息密集，句子优美，结构复杂 阅读理解题每篇都是以简约的语言负载高含量的信息，要求准确迅速地从特定的语篇中有目的地获取信息。阅读理解文章的句子原汁原味、语言地道、纯正优美，而且篇章结构和句子结构都有一定的难度。各篇或在时间顺序上，或在空间顺序上，或在逻辑推理上，均使用了较高级的组篇手段。结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略句以及插入语等也随处可见。 3．细节为主，推理随后，主旨突出 阅读理解题型分布合理，以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，主旨大意题几乎每年都考。各个题型的分布已逐步成熟且趋于平稳。阅读理解分为五大题型：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和篇章结构题。 考点1　主旨大意之精确归纳标题 真题解密 Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don’t listen because they already know it all.I was lucky：I became a pilot in 1970，almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didn’t realize then，but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying.As I flew bigger，faster planes，and in worse weather，I learned about crew resource management(机组资源管理)，or CRM，a new idea to make flying safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result，regardless of positions. I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that，an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying；I was safety pilot.He was so busy because of the bad turn，he had forgotten to put the landing gear(起落架) down.He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to：Our lives were in danger.I put aside my uneasiness and said，“We need to put the landing gear down now！”That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM，and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since. CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite，the doctor doesn’t overreact，which might prevent fellow doctors from v