河海大学工程地质第一节.pptVIP

8月11日，美国，科罗拉多城：美国德克萨斯州科罗拉多湖的河床已经干涸开裂。近日，高温干燥的天气笼罩美国德克萨斯州，造成部分地区干旱严重。过去的九个月是德克萨斯州自1895年有记录以来最干旱的时期，该州75%的地区被列为重干旱区，史无前例。 ⑶ 动力变 质作用 发生部位：断裂带两侧 作用过程： 破碎 结晶 形成的 变质岩 指：在地壳构造变动时产生的强烈定向压力使岩石发生的 变质作用 断层角砾岩（棱角状碎块，＞2mm） The Skiag Bridge backthrust fault in Pipe Rock Quartzite. The zig-zag line highlights a single sedimentary layer from which many samples were collected. Note the damage extends in to both the hanging and foot walls. The poles are 1m in length. Detaile of the region adjacent to the main displacement plane. Note the foliated appearance of the fault rock. The main fault displacemnent plane: not fault blocks and fine scale gouge. The Cats Nick is the site of a fault with a small displacement. The fault plane is marked by broken rock, in this case fragments of white sandstone cemented with an iron carbonate infill. Some of the rock fragments are near to the surface from which they were broken. The fault plane is near vertical. 碎裂岩（原岩碎粒，＜2mm） The optical photomicrographs left illustrate the classic cataclasite fault rock evolution in Cambrian Pipe Rock Quartzite (Skiag Bridge back thrust fault) via grain size reduction due to fracturing to produce a fine grain size fault rock. The photomicrographs are viewed towards NE and were cut normal to fault plane and parallel to movement direction; field of view 2mm. cataclastic fault rock with fragment of original rock. 糜棱岩（粉末碎屑，＜0.05mm） Note the extremely fine grain size and strong foliation in this mylonite. These features were probably caused by intense shearing. Mylonite 统 称 构造岩 ⒊ 变质岩 的结构 变余结构（残余结构）（变余砂状结构 变余花岗结构等） 变晶结构（岩石在固体状态下发生重结晶或变质结晶） 碎裂结构（碎裂结构 碎斑结构 糜棱结构） ⒋ 变质岩的构造 ⑴ 片理 构造 指：相关岩体表现为片状或岩石中出现矿物颗粒沿其长轴 方向呈定向排列的现象，片状构造是变质岩最具特征 的构造 产生原因：定向挤压应力长期作用 Conglomerate Rocks Conglomerate rocks are sedimentary rocks. They are made up of large sediments like sand and pebbles. The sediment is so large that pressure alone cannot hold the rock together; it is also cemented together with dissolved mi