基于单片机超声波测系统的课程设计.doc

摘 要 随着社会的发展，现代科技的进步，人们生活水平逐渐提高，对生活中使用的工具要求更加趋于人性化，智能化，简易化，其中测距工具也不例外。而超声波测距具有高可靠性和无接触性，使其得到广泛应用，如超声波测距仪应用在汽车倒车，一些工业现场的位置监控，液位，井深等。高可靠性的具体表现为超声波指向性强，能量消耗缓慢，在介质中传播距离较远，而且不受外界因素的干扰，如光线的强弱，被测对象的颜色，电磁干扰的，在相当大的范围内也不受频率的影响。虽然声波在不同介质不同温度下的传播速度不同，但是在同一介质特定温度下的传播速度是恒定的。无接触性具体表现为超声波在介质中的传播速度是已知的，只需测出从发射起到遇到障碍物返回到接收探头所经历的时间差，就可以计算出测距仪到障碍物的距离，因此，超声波比较适用于进行非接触测量。 本设计整个硬件电路由超声波发射电路、超声波接收电路、电源电路、显示电路等模块组成。采用74LS04反相器和CX20106搭建电路实现了超声波的发射与接收，AT89C51单片机为超声波测距仪的控制核心，液晶显示屏显示所测得的数据，通过软件和硬件实现各个功能模块。测距仪的测量范围在0.51m~5m，精确度在厘米级，测量时与被测物体无直接接触，能够清晰稳定地显示测量结果，当检测区域进入超声波盲区时蜂鸣器报警。此系统具有操作简单，可控性好，测量结果精度高等优点，而且制作成本低廉，具有很好的市场前景。 关键字：超声波 测距仪 单片机 Based on Single Chip Ultrasonic Range Finder Wang Yun （College of Science, South China Agricultural University， Guangzhou 510642，China） Abstract:With the development of the society, the progress of modern science and technology, gradually improve peoples living standard, the requirements for tools used in the life more tend to humanization, intelligent, facilitation, including distance measuring tools is no exception.Widely used in the production and living distance measuring tools for the ultrasonic range finder, such as ultrasonic rangefinder applications in reverse, the construction site, the location of the some industrial site monitoring, can also be used in the liquid level, well depth, the pipe length measurement, which depends on the ultrasonic high reliability and no contact.The manifestation of high reliability for ultrasonic directivity is strong, energy consumption slow, in the medium distance transmission, and is not affected by the interference of external factors, such as the strength of the light, the color of the object under test, electromagnetic interference, in large range is not affected by frequency.Although the speed of sound waves in different medium temperatures are different, but in the same medium particular temperature velocity is constant.No contact embodied in ultrasonic velocity in the medi