金盛华社会心理学拟考题_ch14.docVIP

Chapter 14 Multiple Choice 1. According to Maddux (1993), professional clinical judgments are vulnerable to A) illusory correlations. B) overconfidence bred by hindsight. C) self-confirming diagnosis. D) all of the above. Answer: D Page: 569 Type: FAC 2. Chapman and Chapman had college students and professional clinicians study the relationship between patients test performances and diagnoses. They found that A) if students or clinicians expected a particular association, they perceived it, regardless of whether the data were supportive. B) students and clinicians only saw relationships that were indeed supported by the data. C) professional clinicians were more accurate than students in assessing relationships. D) students and clinicians only recognized positive relationships if the actual correlations were greater than .75. Answer: A Page: 569 Type: FAC 3. The text suggests that clinicians may continue to have confidence in uninformative or ambiguous tests because of human susceptibility to A) the inoculation effect. B) learned helplessness. C) the representativeness heuristic. D) illusory correlation. Answer: D Page: 569 Type: FAC 4. Following the suicide of a friend or family member, feelings of guilt are often magnified by A) illusory thinking. B) the fundamental attribution error. C) hindsight bias. D) confirmation bias. Answer: C Page: 570 Type: FAC 5. One of Mr. Guptas employees has recently committed suicide. Mr. Gupta is feeling terribly guilty that he wasnt there for his employee, and on top of it he feels even worse when he thinks he should have known it all along that his employee was suffering. Mr. Guptas feelings of guilt are being magnified by A) illusory thinking. B) the fundamental attribution error. C) hindsight bias. D) confirmation bias. Answer: C Page: 570 Type: FAC 6. Dr. Melfi, a psychotherapist, is plagued by doubt and guilt after a client commits suicide. These guilt feelings are probably exacerb