DTM源数据获取技术.pptVIP

Digital Terrain Modelling 第3章 DTM源数据获取技术 Contents 3.1 Data sources for digital terrain modelling 3.2 Photogrammetry 3.3 Radargrammetry and SAR Interferometry 3.4 Airborne laser scanning (Lidar) 3.5 Cartographic digitisation 3.6 GPS for direct data acquisition;and 3.7 The comparison between DTM data from different sources 3.1 Data sources for digital terrain modelling Data sources means the materials from which data can be acquired for terrain modelling DTM source data means data acquired from data sources of digital terrain modelling Different techniques for different sources Field surveying by using total station theodolite and GPS for direct measurement from terrain surfaces Cartographic digitization by using existing topographic maps and digitisers Photogrammetry by using stereo-pairs of aerial (or space) images and photogrammetric instruments Laser scanning: actively providing its own illumination in the form of lasers SAR: radargrammetry和interferometry, actively providing its own illumination in the form of microwaves From terrain surface The continents occupy 29.2% of the earth’s surface. Relief varies from place to place, and is covered by natural and cultural features, apart from water 具体采用何种数据源和相应的生产工艺一方面取决于这些源数据的可获得性，另一方面也取决于DEM的分辨率、精度要求、数据量大小和技术条件等 From aerial and space images 航空影像一直是地形图测绘和更新最有效也是最主要的数据源 近年来出现的高分辨率遥感图像如1-m分辨率的IKONOS图像被认为是快速获取高精度、高分辨率DEM最有希望的数据源 Aerial photographs can be classified into different types based on different criteria: Based on colour: colour (true or false) and monochromatic photographs Based on the attitude of photography: vertical (i.e. main optical axis vertical), tilted(?3?), and oblique (3?) photographs. Commonly used aerial photographs are tilted photograph Based on angular field of view: normal, wide angle and super wide angle photography Form in analogue form – recorded on films;and in digital form – scanned/CCD (charge-coupled device) camera From existing topographic maps 几乎世界上所有的国家都拥有地