浅谈外墙外保温优势与建筑设计.docVIP

浅谈外墙外保温优势与建筑设计 　　 　　摘要：我国每年有10亿平方米的民用建筑投入使用，建筑能耗占总能耗的比例已从1978年的10%上升到目前的30%左右。大力发展节能型建筑已成为共识。当前，建筑节能问题已经成为全关注的热点。建筑保温是建筑节能的重要组成部分，我国常用的建筑外墙保温技术有外墙内保温和外保温。前者的显著特点是操作灵活，施工简单且造价低，不足之处是其结构热桥使局部温差过大导致结东现象的发生。而外墙外保温的优势在于其保温效果很好，适用范围广，可应用于旧楼改造等。随着外墙外保温技术逐渐被应用到建筑之中去，外墙外保温设计工作至关重要，设计工作质量的好坏直接影响建筑物施工质量的好坏，因此需要引起高度重视。 　　关键词：外墙；外保温；优势；建筑设计 　　Abstract: China every year with 1 billion square meters of civil building put into use, total energy consumption of building energy consumption ratio has risen from 10% in 1978 to about 30% now. Vigorously develop energy-saving building has become a consensus. At present, building energy efficiency problem has become the focus of all. Heat preservation is an important part of building energy efficiency in our country, the commonly used exterior insulation technology have sold the exterior wall insulation mild. The former remarkable characteristic is flexible operation, simple construction and low cost, the deficiency is its structure thermal bridge so that local temperature difference in too big east happens. And the external wall thermal insulations advantage is its heat preservation effect very good, wide range and can be used in the old building reform, etc. Along with the external wall thermal insulation technology has been applied to the construction of gradually, exterior insulation design work is important, the quality of the design work have a direct impact on the quality of building construction, and therefore must be attached. 　　Keywords: exterior wall; External insulation; Advantages; Architectural design 　　 　　 　　中图分类号：TU2 文献标识码：A文章编号： 　　1外墙外保温的优势 　　近年来，我国的建筑节能标准一直在修编之中，现行的《民用建筑节能设计标准》明确要求了在住宅通用设计的基础上将采暖的能耗节能50%，在这50%中，采暖系统承担20%，建筑物承担30%。然而根据国外的资料，在外国的普通住宅维护结构能量损失中，窗和门占总能耗的25%，屋顶占总能耗的15%，地面和地下室约占总能耗的10%，在未对外墙进行保温处理时，约占50%，在对外墙进行保温处理以后，能耗约占总能耗的10-15%之间。因此，对建筑采取外墙外保温系统和外墙保温措施已经迫在眉睫。 　　1.1外墙外保温延长了建筑物的寿命 　　外墙内保温的保温层构造位置使得建筑物的外墙与内墙分别处于两个不同的温度环境。内墙及楼板处于室内的温度环境，其年温度差的变化为60℃—80℃，使建筑结构长年不得安定。这种永远不安定的建筑结构会导致在多处墙面产生裂缝，并破坏沿外墙的屋面