中国铁路沙情况综述.ppt

土工网方格沙障 Geonet grid barrier 稻草（芦苇）草方格沙障 Rice straw grid sand barrier 稻草（芦苇）方格沙障 Reed straw grid sand barrier 草方格沙障 Grass grid sand barrier 高立式沙障 Erected sand barrier 高立式沙障 （example） Erected sand barrier 高立式沙障 （example） Erected sand barrier 截沙沟、挡沙堤 Sand-hold ditch and sand-block embankment 截沙沟、挡沙堤（example） Sand-hold ditch and sand-block embankment 防护林 (一)Forest shelter 植物固沙措施是一种长期有效治本的措施，故铁路的防沙，在条件允许情况下尽可能采用植物固沙措施。To fix the sand with vegetation is a long-term effective measurement, so, in railway line, this method should be used to the most extent when there is a possibility exists. 通常，防护林系统由防火带 、防护林带 、空留带等组成。usually ,fireproof belt/forest belt/space belt/engineering sand control belt form a forest sand prevention system. 防护林 Forest shelter--example 防护林 Forest shelter--example planting trees arbor bush 防护林(二)-典型横断面 Forestation-typical cross section 防护林(三)-横断面形式 Forestation-cross section varying sand calamity extent 防护林(四) –植物种类Forest shelter-species 沙漠地区，年降雨量一般在200mm以下，年蒸发量高达2000~3000mm，气温日较差大，风多，风沙大。因此，需要培育适合沙漠环境生长的物种。Usually, in the desert, the annual precipitation below 200mm，however, the annual rate of evaporation arrives to 2000~3000mm,the difference of temperate in a day is up to 20 ℃, and blows strong wind with sand often. So it is important to grow saplings which are adaptable to the desert environment. 中国的科学家经过多年的实践，根据存活率、生长状况和固沙效果，选出了下面这些抗风蚀、抗沙埋、抗干旱以及聚沙、阻沙能力强的物种。According to survival ratio, resistance and growing situation, based on the ability of preventing erosion, sand-burying and drought, the following species are selected by Chinese scientists who have spent years studying. 半灌木 semi-bush ：油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）、籽蒿（Artemisia sphaerocephala）差巴嘎蒿（Artemisia halodendron） 灌木bush:：花棒（Hedysarum scoparium）、小叶锦鸡儿（Caragana microphylla）、柠条（Caragana korshinskii）、胡枝子（Lespedeza bicolor）、紫穗槐（Amorpha fruticosa）、黄柳（Salix flavida）、柽柳（Tamarix chinensis）又名红柳、沙拐枣（Calligonum Spp）。 乔木 arbor:梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）、沙