国际森林土壤研讨会课件杨柳的进化与新生代气候变化的关系.ppt

Genomic insights into the evolution of the Salicaceae family driven by the Cenozoic global climate change Zhang Jianguo Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry 1 Introduction The Earth’s climatic system has experienced continuous change during much of the last 65 million years and beyond, drifting from extremes of expansive warmth with ice-free poles, to extremes of cold with massive continental ice-sheets and polar ice-caps. Such changes were accompanied by accelerated rates of turnover and speciation in certain groups of biota. 5500 6500 14500 25100 KT event Recent studies have demonstrated that Cenozoic climatic change indeed had profound effects on the evolution of animals, and greatly influenced the diversity pattern of mammals. KT event To clarify the genomic evolution of the Salicaceae, here we used Illumina sequencing technology to sequence and assemble the draft genome of Salix arbutifolia, a diploid species with the same chromosome number (2n = 2 x = 38), but a smaller genome (355 Mb) than that of P. trichocarpa (485 Mb). We used data from both the nuclear genome and chloroplast DNA sequences, and combined them with the fossil record of the salicoid lineage to infer the evolutionary history of the Salicaceae, and then to determine how Cenozoic global climate change has driven their evolution. 2 Results 2.1 Genome sequencing and assembly Statistics of the assembled willow draft genome Estimate of genome size 361 Mb Chromosome number (2n) 38 N50 length (contigs) 21.44 kb Number of scaffolds (200 bp) 38299 Total size of assembled scaffolds 336.11 Mb N50 length (scaffolds) 339.09 kb Longest scaffold 2.48 Mb GC content 33.60% Number of protein-coding genes 33175 Total size of repetitive sequences 108.6Mb Content of repetitive sequences 35.55% Content of long-terminal repeat elements 27.37% We estimated the time of the salicoid-specific genome duplication to be 41.6–54.1 My