关于由垫桩支撑的坎德拉港口海关办公大楼在2001年普杰地震中因土壤液体化损坏的的案例的研究 英文文献.doc

附录二 （1）翻译英文原文 A case study of damages of the Kandla Port and Customs Office tower supported on a mat– pile foundation in liquefied soils under the 2001 Bhuj earthquake abstract A case study is presented of the interaction between the bending due to laterally spreading forces and axial-load induced settlement on the piled foundations of the Kandla Port and Customs Tower located in Kandla Port, India, during the 2001 Bhuj earthquake. The 22m tall tower had an eccentric mass at the roof and was supported on a piled-raft foundation that considerably tilted away as was observed in the aftermath of the earthquake. The soil at the site consists of 10m of clay overlaid by a 12m deep sandy soil layer. Post-earthquake investigation revealed the following: (a) liquefaction of the deep sandy soil strata below the clay layer; (b) settlement of the ground in the vicinity of the building; (c) lateral spreading of the nearby ground towards the sea front. The foundation of the tower consists of 0.5m thick concrete mat and 32 piles. The piles are 18m long and therefore passes through 10m of clayey soil and rested on liquefiable soils. Conventional analysis of a single pile or a pile group, without considering the raft foundation would predict a severe tilting and/or settlement of the tower eventually leading to a complete collapse. It has been concluded that the foundation mat over the non-liquefied crust shared a considerable amount of load of the superstructure and resisted the complete collapse of the building. Crown Copyright 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Failures and/or collapse (excessive tilting) of pile-supported buildings in liquefiable soils are still observed after most major earthquakes, see for example the reconnaissance survey following the 1964 Niigata earthquake, the 1995 Kobe earthquake, the 2001 Bhuj earthquake or the 2004 Sumatra earthquake. In most of the cases, lateral spreading (downward slope movement) has been con