台湾螨蜱学的研究史可编辑.docVIP

臺灣螨蜱學研究史 Historical review on Acarology of Taiwan 黃坤煒 國立自然科學博物館動物學組 台中市館前路一號 Huang, Kun-Wei Department of Zoology, National Taichung 404, Taiwan 摘要 螨蜱在分類地位上屬於節肢動物門(Phylum Arthropoda)、蛛形綱 (Class Arachnida)、螨蜱亞綱 (SubClass Araci)。螨蜱亞綱又可分為七目： Opilioacarida, Holothyrida, Gamasida, Ixodida, Actinedida, Acaridida 及 Oribatida (Krantz, 1978)。臺灣最早的螨蜱文獻可追朔至日治時期（1908）有關於牛身上疥螨的報告（邱，1958），由於早期著重於醫學方面的研究，因此，硬蜱類、恙螨等與人類疾病有直接關係的螨蜱成為研究的重點， 1960年代後，因人類大量使用農藥防治有害生物，使螨類成為主要有害動物之一，如何以化學防治螨類遂成為主要的研究重點（何，1988），1970年代後，有關螨蜱的生態、分類學及生物防治等研究報告才陸續出現，1980年代後，分類學一直是學者們研究的重點， 2000年後，漸有以分子分析來探討螨類的類緣關係及鑑定害螨，近年則因傳染病的興起，醫用螨蜱學的研究再度受到重視。目前臺灣約有1084種螨蜱分屬五目，，佔全世界種類約2.8%（1084/38861），其中粉螨目（Acaridida）約104種， 輻螨目（Actinedida）約544種，革螨目（Gamasida）約有238種，真蜱目（Ixodida）約有48種，甲螨目（Oribatida）約有150種。 關鑑詞：螨蜱、節肢動物門、蛛形綱、臺灣。 Abstract Acari belongs to Phylum Arthropod, Class Arachnida and Subclass Araci. Acari included 7 orders: Opilioacarida, Holothyrida, Gamasida, Ixodida, Actinedida, Acaridida and Oribatida (Krantz, 1978). The first literature about Acari in Taiwan may publish in the Japanese Era related to cabies mites infesting the buffalo. In early time, the research is focus on the medical acarology, therefore, the tick or chigger mites have the direct relations with the human disease becomes the key point of the research. After 1960s, the mites become one of the main harmful animals because the human massive uses agricultural chemicals preventing and controlling the pest. Then, how to use the chemical controlling the mites is the key study in this time. In the 1970s, the research related to ecology, taxonomy and biological control of mites appears in succession. In the 1980s, taxonomy is the main topic for study in this time. After 2000, the researchers gradually use the molecular data to analysis the phylogeny of Acari and identify the pest mites. Recently, due to the widespread of infections, the medical acarology receives much attention again. There are 1084 species of Acari belong to five orders in Taiwan. T