《财政学》罗森英版课后习题答案上.docVIP

Instructor’s Manual to accompanyPublic Finance, Tenth Edition, by Harvey S. Rosen and Ted Gayer Chapter 1 – Introduction Brief Outline Public Finance and Ideology The Organic View of Government The Mechanistic View of Government The Viewpoint of This Book Government at a Glance Legal Framework Federal Government State and Local Governments Size of Government Expenditures Revenues Our Agenda Suggested Answers to End-of-Chapter Discussion Questions McCain’s statement is consistent with an organic conception of government. Individuals and their goals are less important than the state. Locke makes a clear statement of the mechanistic view of the state in which individual liberty is of paramount importance. Chavez’s statement is consistent with an organic view of government. The individual has significance only as part of society as a whole. Libertarians believe in a very limited government and are skeptical about the ability of government to improve social welfare. Social democrats believe that substantial government intervention is required for the good of individuals. Someone with an organic conception of the state believes that the goals of society are set by the state and individuals are valued only by their contribution to the realization of social goals. A law prohibiting receiving compensation for organ donation would be opposed by libertarians, as they would want the market to decide who buys and who sells organs and at what price the organs would be sold. Social democrats also might oppose the law if they consider that such a law would prevent organ donation from happening as frequently. However, they are likely to support the law on the grounds that paying for organ donation would coerce financially desperate people to sell their organs. The law would protect the individual from making a poor decision. The organic view might also oppose the law because the society might become healthier if more individuals received transplants, although they would