英语：2011届语法复习总结课件(虚拟语气1).pptVIP

与当时（或更早的过去）事实相反的事情 请比较下列两句： You work too hard; I wish you didn’t work so hard. （现在希望与现在事实相反的事情） You worked too hard; I wished you didn’t work so hard. （过去希望与当时事实相反的事情） 再如： 过去希望与当时事实相反的事情 He was so ill that he wished that he were dead. 过去希望与更早的过去事实相反的事情 I wished I hadn’t spent so much money. I wished I had taken your advice. as if/though as if/though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气。从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式；表示与过去事实相反，had+过去分词；表示可能性不大，用would(might, could)+动词原形。例如： He talks as if he knew all about it. You look as if you had seen a ghost. It looks as though it might rain. 在虚拟语气中，无论主句中动词是现在时还是过去时，只要as if/though从句所指的时间与其同时，都用过去式，若非同时而是较早，或表示已经持续了若干时间，则用过去完成式。例如： He ordered me about as though I were his wife. I was so happy that I felt as if I had wings and could fly. He looked as if he hadn’t had a decent meal for a month. 注意as if/though从句中用陈述语气与虚拟语气的区别。 　试比较： He walks as if he is drunk.(=He is probably drunk.) He walks as if he were drunk.(= He walks as if he were drunk, but he is not.) 虚拟语气用于其他句型 1. 无“条件”的虚拟语气句 所谓无“条件”，指的是句子表层没有通常使用的if等引起的表示条件的句子，但其深层结构或是上下文中还是有条件的。这种条件可以用介词、名词、连词、分词、不定式、定语从句或上下文等来表示出来。常用的表示无“条件”的词有：with, without, but for, or, but, otherwise, in case of 等。这种句子往往是有主句而无从句。例如： 1. But for your help, we couldn’t have succeeded.(介词短语) 2. She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.(介词短语) 3. Without the opening up, China would not have achieved so much in the past 30 years. (介词) 4. Given the opportunity, he might have become a famous singer.(过去分词) 5. Cooked a little longer, the meat would be more delicious. (过去分词) 6. To talk with him, you would know he is a frank man.不定式 7. With all the world to rule, he wouldn’t be content. 8. A gentleman wouldn’t have talked like that.(名词) 9. Your refusal would make him sad.(名词) 10. I wouldn’t be deceived so easily. (上下文,=If I were you, …) 2. 含蓄条件句 　有些句子中，没有任何表示虚拟语气的词、短语或从句，但仍要用虚拟语气。这时，要么省略了表示虚拟语气的部分，要么隐含在上下文中，称为含蓄条件句。例如： I would do anything for her. (if I could) Even stones would shed tears.