08呼吸系统英.ppt

Respiratory system 呼吸系统 Composition Respiratory tract Nose Pharynx upper respiratory tract Larynx Trachea lower respiratory tract Bronchi Lungs-paired organs of respiration Function: supply the body with oxygen and to get rid of excess carbon dioxide resulting from cell metabolism The Nose 鼻 鼻是呼吸道的起始部，也是嗅觉器官，由外鼻、鼻腔和鼻旁窦三部分组成。 外鼻external nose 鼻根nasal root 鼻背nasal dorsum 鼻尖nasal apex 鼻翼nasal ala 鼻唇沟nasolabial sulcus 鼻腔nasal cavity： Two parts: Divided by limen nasi 鼻阈 Nasal vestibule鼻前庭 Proper nasal cavity固有鼻腔 Boundaries Roof－cribriform plate of ethmoid bone Floor－hard palate Medial wall－nasal septum Lateral wall Nasal concha: superior, middle and inferior Nasal meatus: superor, middle and inferior Sphenoethmoidal recess Remove the middle nasal concha Semilunar hiatus 半月裂孔 Ethmoidal infundibulum 筛漏斗 Ethmoidal bulla 筛泡 Mucous membrane of nose Olfactory region嗅区: located on superior nasal concha and opposing part of nasal septum ,contains olfactory cells Respiratory region 呼吸区: its function is to warm, moisten, and clean the inspired air The paranasal sinuses and their site of drainage into the nose Maxillary Sinus： The Larynx 喉 Position－situated in the anterior part of the neck (below the hyoid bone), and extends from vertebral level of C3 to C6 in adult. Layngeal cartilages 喉软骨 Thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨 Shield-shaped cartilage Laryngeal prominence喉结at base of thyroid notch Superior thyroid notch, superior and inferior cornua Cricoid cartilage 环状软骨 Complete ring of cartilage (shaped like a signet ring图章戒指) Arch of cricoid cartilage－at level of C6 Larnina of cricoid cartilage Arytenoid cartilage杓状软骨 Paired, pyramid shaped, articulate with lamina of cricoid cartilage Vocal process声带突anteriorly, site of posterior attachment of vocal ligament声韧带 Muscular process肌突 Epiglottic cartilage 会厌软骨 leaf-shaped elastic cartilage situated behind the root of the tongue 喉的连结 甲状舌骨膜 thyrohyoid m