化工原理chap11.pptVIP

华南理工大学 化工学院 伍钦 ceqwu@ 020Chap11 Principles of heat flow in fluids Typical heat-exchange equipment Single-pass shell-and-tube condenser It consists essentially of a bundle of parallel tubes A, the ends of which are expanded into tube sheets B1 and B2. Steam and other vapor is introduced through nozzle F into the shell-side space surrounding the tubes, condensate is withdrawn through connection G, and any noncondensable gas that might be enter with the inlet vapor is removed through vent K. connection G leads to a trap, which is a device that allows flow of liquid but holds back vapor. The fluid to be heated is pumped through connection H into channel D2. Double-tube heat exchanger It is assembled of standard metal pipe and standarized return bends and return heads. shown in Fig.11-3. Double-pipe exchanger are useful when not more than 9 to 14 m2 of surface is required. Countercurrent and parallel-current flows The two fluids enter at different ends of the exchanger and pass in opposite directions through the unit. If the two fluids enter at the same end of the exchanger and flow in the same direction to the other end, the flow is called parallel. Single-pass shell-and-tube condenser If the vapor entering the condenser is not superheated and the condensate is not subcooled, the temperature throughout the shell-side of the condenser is constant. The temperature of the condensing vapor and of the liquid are plotted against the tube length in Figure The flow type with the counterflow is commonly used. Parallel flow is rarely used in a single-pass exchanger such as that shown in Fig11-3 because, as inspection of Figs11-4a and b will show . In the multipass exchanger Parallel flow may be used in following situation: Energy balances Enthalpy balances in heat exchangers Heat transfer to or from the ambient is not desired in practice, and it is usually reduced to a small magnitude by suitable insulation. For the warm fluid, it