AcidBase Titrations碱滴定法.pptVIP

Acid-Base Titrations Barb Fallon AP Chemistry June 2007 The Titration One of the most important lab procedures involving acids and bases is the titration. A titration is an analytical procedure that allows for the measurement of the amount of one solution that is required to exactly react with the contents of another solution. In acid-base terms, you add one solution to the other until the equivalence point is reached. The use of a pH meter will produce a pH curve (titration curve), so you can specifically calculate at what pH your solutions have been neutralized. Acid-Base Titration Terms to Know Titrant: the standard solution of known molarity in the buret that is being added to the solution in the flask. This is more often the acid than the base. Analyte: the solution in the flask of unknown concentration. Usually the base. Indicator: a compound that is added in small amounts (a few drops) in acid-base titrations. It changes color over a certain pH range, and indicates the end of the titration. This range should be matched with pH at which you expect your solutions to reach the equivalence point. Endpoint: the point at which the titration is stopped, when the indicator permanently changes color. Traditionally, this is the point when the titration is stopped, where the number of moles of titrant is equal to the number of moles of analyte, or some multiple thereof (as in di- or tri- protic acids) Equivalence point (a.k.a. neutralization or endpoint): the point (in mL of solution added) at which the number of moles of acid equal the number of moles of base. Half-equivalence point: the (in mL of solution added) at which the number of number of moles of acid (or base) added is half the number of moles of base (or acid) present in the solution. Types of Acid-Base Titrations The quality of the titration depends on the strength of the acids and bases you use. This, in turn, will affect the resulting pH curve. Let’s look at a few examples of pH curves. Strong Acid-Strong